Photoacoustic imaging has attracted interest for its capacity to capture functional spectral information with high spatial and temporal resolution in biological tissues. Several photoacoustic imaging systems have been commercialized recently, but they are variously limited by non-clinically relevant designs, immobility, single anatomical utility (e.g., breast only), or non-programmable interfaces. Here, we present a real-time clinical photoacoustic and ultrasound imaging system which consists of an FDA-approved clinical ultrasound system integrated with a portable laser. The system is completely programmable, has an intuitive user interface, and can be adapted for different applications by switching handheld imaging probes with various transducer types. The customizable photoacoustic and ultrasound imaging system is intended to meet the diverse needs of medical researchers performing both clinical and preclinical photoacoustic studies.

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This study began with a research problem that the types of technology leakage may vary depending on the characteristics of generation of technology managemnet, such as management conditions and technology innovation activities of SMEs. Considering these points, it is necessary to prepare a plan to revitalize industrial technology protection in consideration of the characteristics of each generation of technology management. To this end, this study examined the characteristics of each generation of technology management, presented an analysis framework suitable for this, and then examined the cases of technology leakage from SMEs. As a result of the analysis, it was confirmed that first and second-generation technology management companies may need industrial technology protection activities, which are most important to recognize and separate major assets and establish a minimum management security system. Second, in the case of third and forth generation technology management companies, it was confirmed that additional industrial technology protection activities related to the use of strategic intellectual property rights may be necessary along with strengthening management of key personnel. These analysis results confirm the need to further consider technology innovation capabilities beyond the SME industrial technology protection policy, which has been developed around management conditions by SMEs such as size and industry.

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