Gauge-Higgs unification is the fascinating scenario solving the hierarchy problem without supersymmetry. In this scenario, the Standard Model (SM) Higgs doublet is identified with extra component of the gauge field in higher dimensions and its mass becomes finite and stable under quantum corrections due to the higher dimensional gauge symmetry. On the other hand, Yukawa coupling is provided by the gauge coupling, which seems to mean that the flavor mixing and CP violation do not arise at it stands. In this talk, we discuss that the flavor mixing is originated from simultaneously non-diagonalizable bulk and brane mass matrices. Then, this mechanism is applied to various flavor changing neutral current (FCNC) processes via Kaluza-Klein (KK) gauge boson exchange at tree level and constraints for compactification scale are obtained.

Astaxanthin is a carotenoid with potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity. To evaluate the anti-inflammatory effect of astaxanthin on skin deterioration, we confirmed its role in epidermal-dermal interactions in vitro. Astaxanthin treatment suppressed ultraviolet B (UVB)-induced inflammatory cytokine secretion in keratinocytes, and matrix metalloproteinase-1 secretion by fibroblasts cultured in UVB-irradiated keratinocyte medium. To verify these findings, we conducted a 16-week clinical study with 65 healthy female participants. Participants were orally administered either a 6 mg or 12 mg dose of astaxanthin or a placebo. Wrinkle parameters and skin moisture content significantly worsened in the placebo group after 16 weeks. However, significant changes did not occur in the astaxanthin groups. Interleukin-1α levels in the stratum corneum significantly increased in the placebo and low-dose groups but not in the high-dose group between weeks 0 and 16. This study was performed in Japan from August to December, when changing environmental factors, such as UV and dryness, exacerbate skin deterioration. In conclusion, our study suggests that long-term prophylactic astaxanthin supplementation may inhibit age-related skin deterioration and maintain skin conditions associated with environmentally induced damage via its anti-inflammatory effect. (UMIN Clinical Trials Registry ID: UMIN000018550)

We show that the anomalous magnetic moment of fermion in the gauge-Higgs unification is finite in any spacetime dimensions, which is a new predictive physical observable similar to the Higgs mass.

We study the neutron electric dipole moment (EDM) in a five dimensional SU(3) gauge-Higgs unification compactified on M 4 × S 1 /Z 2 space-time including a massive fermion. We point out that to realize the CP violation is a non-trivial task in the gauge-Higgs unification scenario and argue how the CP symmetry is broken spontaneously by the VEV of the Higgs, the extra space component of the gauge field. We emphasize the importance of the interplay between the VEV of the Higgs and the Z 2 -odd bulk mass term to get physically the CP violation. We then calculate the one-loop contributions to the neutron EDM as the typical example of the CP violating observable and find that the EDM appears already at the one-loop level, without invoking to the three generation scheme. We then derive a lower bound for the compactification scale, which is around 2.6 TeV, by comparing the contribution due to the nonzero Kaluza-Klein modes with the experimental data.Although this result was quite impressive, the above model is too simple to be realistic. In partic-

We propose a new model of five-dimensional SUð3Þ ⊗ Uð1Þ X gauge-Higgs unification with a successful electroweak symmetry breaking and a realistic Higgs boson mass. In our model, the representations of the fermions are very simple, the 3;3 and 15 representations of SUð3Þ gauge group. Employing the antiperiodic boundary conditions for 15 reduces massless exotic fermions and simplifies the brane-localized mass terms. We calculate the one-loop Higgs potential in detail and find that a realistic electroweak symmetry breaking and the observed Higgs mass are obtained.