An antibiotic complex, AKD-2,was isolated from the mycelial cake of Streptomyces sp. OCU-42815. The lipophilic substances in this complex were further purified by a recycling HPLC procedure and were designated AKD-2A, C and D. AKD-2Bwas obtained as a mixture ofAKD-2BX and AKD-2B2. These substances were identified as monoglycerides having branched chain fatty acids and exhibited both antibacterial and antifungal activities. In the course of our screening program for new antibiotics, an actinomycete strain OCU-42815 was found to produce several antibiotics. From the acetone extracts of the mycelium, four macrotetrolide antibiotics AKD-1A, B, C and D were firstly isolated and identified as nonactin, monactin, dinactin and trinactin, respec-tively1~3). Subsequently, another antibiotic complex, AKD-2, was isolated and further purified by a recycling HPLC procedure, so that monoglycerides AKD-2A, B, C and D were obtained (Fig. 1). AKD-2Ahad been reported as an emulsifier40. AKD-2B was an unknown substance consisting of AKD-2B! and AKD-2B2. AKD-2Cand D were also new monoglycerides. This paper describes the taxonomy of the producing organism, fermentation, isolation, structure elucidation and antibiotic activities of these monoglycerides.

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Streptomyces sp. OCU-42815 produced several novel 1-monglycerides having C17^20 branched chain fatty acids, which were first reported their antimicrobial activities against both bacteria and fungi1'2). However, similar monoglycerides having straight chain fatty acids did not show any antimicrobial activities at the concentrations up to 100/ig/ml. 1-Monoglycerides having

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