Geometrically pure, all-cis poly(phenylene vinylenes) (PPVs) are synthesized by Suzuki-Miyaura-type polycondensation of 2,5-dioctyloxy-1,4-benzenediboronic acid with (Z,Z)-bis(2-bromoethenyl)benzenes, which are prepared by ruthenium-catalyzed (Z)-selective double hydrosilylation of diethynylbenzenes, followed by bromodesilylation of the resulting (Z,Z)-bis(2-silylethenyl)benzenes with N-bromosuccinimide. The all-cis PPVs thus obtained undergo one-way photoisomerization to the corresponding trans-PPVs both in solution and in the solid. This phenomenon is applied to direct microscale patterning of PPVs onto a quartz substrate.

Jejunal interposition prevented reflux gastritis and inhibited rapid gastric emptying. Postgastrectomy syndromes were effectively prevented by this reconstruction procedure.

The histopathologic findings of mechanic's hands are specific and different from those of eczema. A histopathologic examination is useful for the diagnosis of mechanic's hands associated with dermatomyositis and a high incidence of interstitial pneumonia.