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T h e g e n u s T e n a c i b a c u l u m b e l o n g s t o t h e f a mi l y F l a v o b a c t e r i a c e a e , p h y l u m Ba c t e r o i d e t e s , a n d T . ma r i t imu m ( S u z u k i e t a l ., 2 0 0 1 ) i s a n e x c l u s i v e l y ma r i n e s p ec i e s ( Be r n a r d e t e t a l . , 1 9 9 6 ) . I t i s a Gr a m-n e g a t i v e , g l i d i n g b a c t e r i u m a n d c a u s e s t e n a c i b a c u l o s i s , a n u l c e r at i v e d i s e a s e o f ma r i n e f i s h . T h e d i s e a s e wa s f i r s t d e s c r i b e d b y Ma s u mu r a a n d Wa k a b a y a s h i ( 1 9 7 7 ) a n d , l a t e r , Wa k a b a y a s h i e t a l . ( 1 9 8 6 ) r e p o r t e d F l e x i b a c t e r ma r i t i mu s ( = T . ma r i t i mu m) a s t h e p a t h o g e n a f t e r i s o l a ti n g f r o m d i s e a s e d r e d s e a b r e a m P a g r u s ma j o r a n d b l a c k s e a b r e a m A c a n t h o p a g r u s s c h l e g e l i i n J a p a n . Ot h e r s u s c e p t i b l e s p e c i e s i n c l u d e J a p a n e s e f l o u n d e r P a r a l i c h t h y s o l i v a c e u s ( B a x a e t a l . , 1 9 8 6 ) a n d y e l l o wt a i l S e r i o l a q u i n q u e r a d i a t a ( B a x a e t a l . , 1 9 8 8 b ) i n J a p a n , Do v e r s o l e S o l e a s o l e a i n S c o t l a n d ( B e r n a r d e t e t a l . , 1 9 9 0 ) , t u r b o t S c o p h t h a l mu s ma x i mu s i n S p a i n ( A l s i n a a n d B l a n c h , 1 9 9 3 ) , s e a b a s s Di c e n t r a r c h u s l a b r a x i n F r a n c e ( B e r n a r d e t e t a l . , 1 9 9 4 ) , A t l a n t i c s a l mo n S a l mo s a l a r i n A u s t r a l i a ( S o l t a n i a n d B u r k e , 1 9 9 4 ) a n d P a c i f i c s a r d i n e S a r d i n o p s s a g a x i n t h e US A ( Ch e n e t a l . , 1 9 9 5 ) . T . ma r i t i mu m d i r e c t l y a t t a c k s t h e b o d y s u r f a c e o f f i s h ( Ma g a r i ñ o s e t a l ., 1 9 9 5 ) , c a u s i n g l e s i o n s s u c h a s u l c e r , n e c r o s i s , e r o d e d mo u t h , f r a y e d f i n s a n d t a i l -r o t ( Ca mp b e l l a n d Bu s we l l , 1 9 8 2 ; De v e s a e t a l . , 1 9 8 9 ) . A s t h e s e l e s i o n s f a v o r t h e e n t r a n c e o f o t h e r b a c t e r i a s u c h a s V i b r i o s p p . ( K i mu r a a n d K u s u d a , 1 9 8 3 ) a n d s a pr o p h y t i c o r g a n i s ms s u c h a s c i l i a t e d p r o t o z o a n s ( Mc Vi c a r a n d Wh i t e , 1 9 7 9 ; De v e s a e t a l . , 1 9 8 9 ) , T . ma r i t i mu m t h u s o f t e n a p p e a r s i n mi x e d i n f e c t i o n s . Al t h o u g h s t u d i e s h a v e b e e n d o n e o n t h e c a p a c i t y o f a d h e s i o n a n d h y d r o p h o b i c i t y ( S o r o n g o n e t a l . , 1 9 9 1 ) , a d h e r e n c e t o f i s h s k i n a n d mu c u s ( Ma g a r i ñ o s e t a l . , 1 9 9 5 ) , t o x i c a c t i v i t y o f e x t r a c e l l u l a r p r o d u c t s ( B a x a e t a l . , 1 9 8 8 a ; V a n Ge l d e r e n e t a l . , 2 0 0 9 ) , c a p s u l a r ma t e r i a l ( A v e n d a ñ o -He r r e r a e t a l . , 2 0 0 6 ) a n d i r o n -u p...

ABSTRACT-A polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based method was developed to detect enteric myxozoans which cause the emaciation disease of cultured tiger puffer Takifugu rubripes. Three primer sets were designed based on the sequences of small subunit ribosomal DNA of Enteromyxum leei, Enteromyxum fugu and Leptotheca fugu. All of the primer sets specifically amplified the target DNA of each species.The PCR successfully detected parasite DNA not only from the intestinal mucosa of killed fish but also from gut contents collected from live fish using a swab inserted into the anus. These PCR analyses were more sensitive to detection of parasites than microscopic observation on the intestinal imprints. The present PCR method is useful for rapid diagnosis of the myxosporean emaciation disease.

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