This study aimed: (a) to determine the general water balance at the Upstream and Midstream of Bengawan Solo Watershed by using Thornthwaite-Mather model, and (b) to determine the fulfillment of domestic water demand in the Upstream and Midstream of Bengawan Solo Watershed. Prevailing climate change has affected the condition of water source in Upstream and Midstream of Bengawan Solo Watershed. One of the impacts was extreme fluctuation of meteorological water availability that might cause flood and drought. Survey was selected as the research method while descriptive quantitative method was used for data analysis. The findings indicated the difference between precipitation and corrected evapotranspiration (P-EP) at the Upstream and Midstream of Bengawan Solo Watershed was between (-11.19 mm) to (78.56 mm). The highest value was obtained by Bambang Sub-watershed and the lowest was Wiroko Temon Sub-watershed. Positive value indicated the water surplus while negative value indicated water deficit. Domestic water demand for local communities was in the range of 50,782,500 liters to 131,690,700 liters, and the level of water availability varied, namely fulfilled and unfulfilled.

This research aims to develop and evaluate a geospatial application for groundwater resource management at Karanganyar Regency. The system development methodology from Whitten and Bentley (2007)

Since people living in a karst area periodically face a crisis due to a lack of fresh water, it is necessary to re-evaluate the ability to use water resources. An appropriate and effective management is required to use available water resource sustainably. We describe a management process of exploring underground river in karst region as water resources. The activities completed included four phases, namely exploration, pre-lifting activities, the water lifting and post-lifting activities. The exploration phase included speleological surveys and data collection for the cave mouth using remote sensing instrument. The pre-lifting was done to prepare various requirements before the lifting process was completed. The water lifting phase consisted of the construction of an underground river dam, the installation of submersible pumps, the construction of reservoirs and the installation of piping to connect to the public hydrant. The post-lifting phase was mainly conducted to organise water distribution evenly. This management model was evidenced to successfully overcome drought in Pucung village by providing fresh water to the local community. Moreover, this model promoted residents’ cost savings by reducing their expenses for buying water from IDR 50,000/m3 to IDR 3,500/m3 (1,300 percent).

Water as human needs. Not only do it used in' daily needs (public bathing, washing, and toilet PenclahuluanAir mcrupakan salah satu kebutuhan yang sangat vital bagi kehiclupan, baik manusia, tumbuhan maupun bina tang untuk dapat melangsungk:. m kc· htdupannya.Kehutuhan air pac!a rnanusia menyangkut clua hal, pcnama air untuk kehiclupan sebagai makluk hayati clan yang keclua untuk kchiclupan sehari-hari baik untuk kcbutuhan air minum (MCK), penanian atau inclustri.Untuk memenuhi ai r yang sclalu meningkat, manusia disamping mcng· gunakan sumhcr air scpcrti air sungai . danau clan rawa, maka dimanfaatkan

So far, the problem of water resource has been covering not only so much the increasing water quantity consumed for drinking, farming and industry, in spite of the fact that pollution and water resource damage are also constitute the additive problem. Especially about the river. So far, the rivers in Indonesia are utilized by its roundabout community as a local water resource, industry, farming and disposal area for solid and liquid rubbish.The utilization of water resource by society which do not maintain the environ equilibrium will damage the environment itself The environment damage of river basin system (DAS) will qonsequently result the decline of river water resource. In respect there of it needs to activate the joint improvement for the water resource damage of river basin.