No abstract

<p>Corn plant waste is one of alternative feed source that has big potential to make various low cost and useful feed product. One of technologies that can be applied to make feed biscuit is pressing technology. Biscuit feed is made by<br />heating and pressing of forage usually it to become, thin, and flat. The objectives of this experiment were to determine physical characteristics and palatability of corn plant waste in the biscuit form for fiber substitution. The experimental<br />design used was Completely Randomized Design with 6 treatments and 3 replications. The treatment were : R1 (100% field grass), R2 (50% field grass+50% corn leaf), R3 (100% corn leaf), R4 (50% field grass+50% corn husk), R5 (50% corn leaf+50% corn husk) and R6 (100% corn husk). The data were subjected to ANOVA and Contrast Orthogonal Test. The observed variables were water activity, moisture, water absorption, density, and palatability. The results indicated that the treatments had highly significant effect (P&lt;0.01) on water content. The water content of biscuits in R2 (11.06±0.10), R1 (11.23±0.60), and R6 (11.39±0.71) were lower than in biscuits R4 (11.73±0.17), R5 (11.80±0.09,) and R3 (12.85±0.37). The average of water content of all treatments was 11.68±0.34%. The treatments also significantly affected (P&lt;0.05) water absorption of biscuit feed in which water absorption on R4 (514.48±19.95), R5 (504.27±5.59) and R1 (492.34±40.90) were higher than R6 (452.31±42.63), R3 (438.00±15.69) and R2 (383.49±31.97) with overall averages of 464.15±26.12%. Water activity, density, and palatability were not significantly different. It could be concluded that palatability of corn plant waste biscuit was the same with field grass biscuit on sheep.</p><p>(Key words: Biscuit of corn plant waste, Physical characteristic, Palatability, Sheep)<br /><br /></p>

The aim of this research was to determine the nutrient content, digestibility on wafer of feed supplement and productivity of Bali calves. This research had two steps experimental, the first steps experiment to determine the nutrient content and digestibility on wafer of feed supplement. The composition wafer of feed supplement i.e. T1 = wafer containing lamtoro leaf, T2 = wafer containing lamtoro and papaya leaf, T3 = wafer containing moringa leaf, T4 = wafer containing gamal leaf, T5= wafer containing corn leaf and corn. Nutrient content and digestibility of T1 had highest compared among the others, i.e. crude protein (32.34%), ash (7.24%), crude fiber (16.85%), crude fat (4.52%), NFE (39.06 cal/g), digestibility of dry matter 82.87 %, digestibility of organic matter 81.78%, NH 3 9.33% and VFA 164.55%. The second steps of this research was the best result of the nutrient content and digestibility of wafer of feed supplements tested to bali calves. Level of wafer containing lamtoro leaf ,i.e R1 =0%, R2 =5%, R3 =10%, R4=15%. The result indicated that treatments had significant effect (P<0.05) on daily weight gain. It was concluded that bali calves were fed by wafer of feed supplement with level 10% had 69% higher than conventional.

Prill fat is a hydrogenated vegetable oil which contains more than 85% palmitic acid with a high melting point. Due to this reason, it does not melt at rumen temperature and bypass rumen degradation. This study was aimed to determine the optimum level of prill fat (86% palmitic acid) supplementation in dairy ration on fermentation characteristics, feed digestibility, milk production, milk components and milk fatty acid profiles. In vitro analysis used Randomized Block Design with 4 treatments and 4 replications and the in vivo analysis using T-Test. The in vitro result showed prill fat supplementation was significantly affected the total Volatile Fatty Acids (VFA) concentration (p<0.05). The addition of prill fat significantly decreased dry matter and organic matter digestibility (p<0.01), Neutral Detergent Fiber (NDF) and Acid Detergent Fiber (ADF) digestibility (p<0.05), total protozoa biomass (p<0.01) and population of cellulolytic bacteria (p<0.05). Furthermore, supplementation of prill fat in the level of 2% had no effect on pH, ammonia (NH3)N concentration and total rumen bacteria activity. The prill fat treatment at the level of 2% had no effect on dry matter intake, milk component and milk yield on in vivo analysis. In addition, milk yield, milk component and milk fatty acids were elevated after the prill fat treatment. This research concluded, the optimum level of prill fat addition in dairy ration was at the level of 2%. Supplementation of prill fat had no effect on rumen fermentation and fiber digestibility. Prill fat supplementation can be used to augment the milk yield, milk component, fatty acid composition in milk and had no effect on Atherogenicity Index (AI) and Hypocholesterolemic/Hypercholesterolemic (HH).

Pellet is a kind of solidified and mechanically compressed feed. Problem frequently rise is that pellet shape is easily damaged, brittle, and broken during production, transportation and storage processing. The purpose this study was to know the influence of onggok addition as binding agent with 5% water spraying on the physical characteristic of pellet form ration.The data were analysed by analyzed of variance and the significant experiment results would be examined by orthogonal contrast test. The treatments consist from the first experiment were: A1 = basal ration + 0% spraying water, A2 = basal ration + 5% spraying water, A3 = basal ration + 10% spraying water and A4 = basal ration + 15% spraying water. The best result from the first experiment would be used for the second experiment, the treatments second experiment were: R1 = basal ration + 5% spraying water + 0% onggok, R2 = basal ration + 5% spraying water + 2% onggok, R3 = basal ration + 5% spraying water + 4% onggok and R4 = basal ration + 5% spraying water + 6% onggok.The parameters were water content, water activity, specific gravity, loose bulk density, compressed bulk density, angle of repose, modulus of fineness, average particle sizes and the durability of pellet form. The conclusion of the experiment that added of onggok as binder significant influenced of the characteristic physical pellet, i.e.: increased loose bulk density, compressed bulk density, modulus of fineness, average particle sizes, and durability of pellet, but decreased specific gravity, water content, angle of repose and water activity. ) menyatakan bahwa pelet adalah hasil modifikasi dari mash yang dihasilkan dari pengepresan mesin pelet menjadi lebih keras. Bentuk fisik pakan berupa pelet ini sangat dipengaruhi oleh jenis bahan yang digunakan, ukuran pencetak, jumlah air, tekanan dan metode setelah pengolahan serta penggunaan bahan pengikat/perekat untuk menghasilkan pelet dengan struktur yang kuat, kompak dan kokoh sehingga pelet tidak mudah pecah.Bahan perekat sintetis yang biasa digunakan dalam pembuatan pakan ternak di Industri Makanan Ternak antara lain Carboksil Metil Cellulosa (CMC) yang harganya mahal sehingga akan meningkatkan harga dari pellet itu sendiri, untuk itu perlu dicari bahan perekat alternatif untuk menggantikan bahan-bahan Corresponding author: weny.widiarti@yahoo.com perekat tersebut yang berharga murah, ketersediaannya banyak, mempunyai daya rekat yang tinggi, mudah dicerna oleh organisme, dapat bersatu dengan bahan-bahan ransum lainnya dan tidak mengandung racun.Onggok merupakan hasil sampingan industri tapioka yang berbentuk padat. Komponen penting yang terdapat pada onggok adalah pati dan serat kasar. Kandungan ini berbeda untuk setiap daerah asal, jenis dan mutu ubi kayu, teknologi yang digunakan dan penanganan ampas itu sendiri. Kandungan pati onggok adalah sekitar 69,9% dan dari setiap 100 kg umbi segar akan menghasilkan 5-10 kg onggok atau sekitar 5-10% onggok, sehingga dengan kandungan patinya yang tinggi dan banyak tersedia, onggok ...