The need for effective budget planning in Ukraine in order to ensure effective and transparent implementation of the budget process generates the necessity for scientific understanding of the transfer of European practice of medium-term budget planning (MTBP) in domestic realities. Despite numerous developments of scientists concerning the possibilities of improving the procedure of medium-term budget planning (MTBP) in Ukraine, it is important to identify the features of its implementation based on the experienceof developed countries, which will allow us, taking into consideration the obtained results, to deepen further scientific and applied aspects of improving the medium-term budget planning system in Ukraine, to increase the efficiency of its implementation. One of such example is Germany's experience in introducing and implementing the medium-term budget planning. The main purpose of the investigation is the analysis of the budget planning in Ukraine, particularly, the factors influencing it, to determine the opportunities of the application of Germany’s experience concerning the introduction and implementation of the medium-term budget planning. The main advantages and disadvantages of using the MTBP procedure over the traditional (annual) budget are summarized in this paper. Factors of the MTBP development in Germany and other EU countries, particularly: effectiveness of regional practice; post-crisis period of national economies and the world economy; purposefulness of countries to the EU integration; significant amounts of public debt; implementation and enforcement of Directive 2011/85/EU in 2011 are established. Combination of all five preconditions available in Ukraine should ensure the accelerated development of the MTBP. It is determined that the use of German experience for the improvement of medium-term budget planning in Ukraine will contribute to rational distribution of budget resources between the budget system levels, increasing the level of predictability of the state budget policy, improving the macroeconomic balance, fiscal discipline and investment attractiveness of the country. It is noted that the non-fulfillment of the planned indicators of the state budget in Ukraine is due to the inefficient organization of the MTBP and the influence of macroeconomic environment factors.

Главная цель управления чрезвычайной ситуацией – это недопущение катастрофического события, вокруг которого она развивается, а в случае его (катастрофического события) наступления – минимизация ущерба и возможных последствий. Структурно-логическая модель управления чрезвычайной ситуацией состоит из шести блоков. Это мониторинг ситуации (сбор повседневных факторов), выявление риска возникновения чрезвычайной ситуации (обнаружение экстремального фактора), анализ риска (прогноз и моделирование чрезвычайной ситуации), подготовка вариантов управленческих решений, принятие решения и доведение его исполнителям, воздействие на ситуацию, которое через структуру исполнителей влияет на объект управления и замыкает контур управления. Этим обеспечивается непрерывность процесса управления чрезвычайной ситуацией террористического характера в интересах ее недопущения и предотвращения. Особенностью электромагнитного воздействия на персонал охраняемых объектов критической инфраструктуры является его скрытность и долгосрочное сохранение результатов воздействия. Это в свою очередь может привести к ошибкам персонала, который обеспечивает главный технологический процесс охраняемого объекта, и привести к техногенному катастрофическому событию. Для противодействия подобным террористическим действиям необходимо разработать и внедрить определенные мероприятия, которые будем называть особенностями структурно-логической модели управления чрезвычайной ситуацией террористического характера на охраняемом объекте критической инфраструктуры.В работе на основе анализа обобщенной структурно-логической модели управления чрезвычайной ситуацией террористического характера на охраняемом объекте критической инфраструктуры и характеристик скрытого электромагнитного воздействие на персонал охраняемого объекта, определяются факторы, обуславливающие особенности структурно-логической модели управления чрезвычайной ситуацией террористического характера на охраняемом объекте критической инфраструктуры, вызванные скрытым электромагнитным воздействием на оперативный (управленческий) состав объекта.

The work systematizes numerous interpretations of the concepts of threats and risks. It is shown that in relation to a strategic nuclear facility, existing threats and risks to it are strictly connected by a triangular functional scheme. Threats that may appear in the form of certain catastrophic events at a specific nuclear facility are assessed by the risk (probability) of the occurrence of a certain catastrophic event under selected conditions at this facility using specially developed methods. The independence of the state is determined by its ability to preserve its territorial integrity and national security, cultural values and national assets, state potentials and the identity of ethnic peoples. The problem is to determine the epistemological connections between the concepts of threats and risks in relation to nuclear facilities, which in practice ensures a competent assessment of the surrounding environment, the creation of a reliable model of threats and ensuring the reliable safety of a specific nuclear facility. Based on the above, the purpose of this article is to systematize numerical interpretations of the concepts of threats and risks in relation to the security of strategic nuclear facilities. To achieve the set goal, it is necessary to solve the following scientific tasks: first, to analyze the concept of danger; secondly, consider the interpretation of the term risk; thirdly, to describe the relationship between a strategic nuclear facility, a threat, and a risk. Based on the above, the strategic nuclear facility, its objectively existing threats and risks are strictly connected by a triangular functional scheme. Threats that may appear in the form of certain catastrophic events at a specific nuclear facility are assessed by the risk (probability) of the occurrence of a certain catastrophic event under selected conditions at this facility using specially developed methods. The application of these logical relationships will allow not only to improve the existing methods of calculating the risks of catastrophic events occurring at nuclear facilities, but also to develop new models of emergency management at technological facilities. Keywords: critical infrastructure object, nuclear object, terror, dangerous object, protection, concept.

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