Makroalga merupakan salah satu sumber daya hayati yang melimpah di perairan Indonesia. Genus Gracilaria merupakan salah satu makroalga merah yang diketahui memiliki kandungan metabolit sekunder yang bersifat sebagai antibakteri. Genus ini memiliki ciri thallus agak padat dan keras untuk melekat pada substrat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji aktivitas antibakteri lipid/lemak dari Gracilaria verrucosa. Ekstraksi lipid/lemak dilakukan dengan metode Folch yang dimodifikasi menggunakan teknik Soxhlet dengan perbandingan pelarut metanol : kloroform 1:2 (v/v). Identifikasi profil asam lemak menggunakan Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). Uji aktivitas antibakteri berdasarkan metode disc-diffusion dan penentuan konsentrasi hambat minimum (KHM) menggunakan 5 konsentrasi berbeda yaitu, 20%, 40%, 60%, 80% dan 100% (v/v). Bakteri uji yang digunakan adalah Shigella dysentriae dan Escherichia coli. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan kandungan lipid keseluruhan yang diperoleh sebesar 3,45% (v/v) dengan komposisi fasa kloroform sebesar 1,15% (v/v) dan fasa metanol sebesar 2,30% (v/v). Hasil identifikasi GC-MS menunjukkan bahwa lipid fasa metanol mengandung asam palmitat dan asam oleat. Sedangkan lipid fasa kloroform mengandung asam miristat, asam palmitoleat, asam stearat, asam arakidonat, asam palmitat dan asam oleat. Kedua fasa lipid menunjukkan aktivitas antibakteri terhadap Shigella dysentriae dan Escherichia coli. AbstractMacroalga (seaweed) is one of the abundant marine biological resources from Indonesian Waters. Gracilaria is a type of red macroalgae that has secondary metabolites as an antibacterial agent. Gracilaria has thallus that rather dense and hard to attach to the substrate. The objective of this research was to investigate the antibacterial activity of lipids from Gracilaria verrucosa. Lipids were extracted according to Folch method using Soxhlet technique in which the ratio of methanol : chloroform was 1:2 (v/v). Fatty acid profile was identified using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). The antibacterial activity was evaluated by disc-diffusion method using five different concentrations to determinate the minimum inhibitory concentration (20%, 40%, 60%, 80%, and 100% (v/v)). Shigella dysentriae and Escherichia coli were used as test bacteria. The results showed that total lipid amount was 3.45% with 1.15% (v/v) consisted in chloroform phase and 2.30% (v/v) consisted in methanol phase. GC-MS identification results showed that methanol lipid phase contained palmitic acid and oleic acid, while the chloroform lipid phase had myristic acid, palmitoleic acid, stearic acid, arachidonic acid, palmitic acid and oleic acid. Both of lipid phases showed activities against Shigella dysentriae and Escherichia coli.
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