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One dimensional inorganic/organic heterojunction nanomaterials have gained extensive attention in materials science because of their outstanding optical and electrical properties. Strong interactions between the inorganic and organic units can lead to novel or improved physical or chemical performance relative to that of the individual components, realizing synergistic ("1+1>2") performance. It is of great scientific significance for the development of basic scientific research: Understanding and interpretation the law of molecular self-assemble, controlling the self-assemble of low dimensional molecular aggregation with high ordered degree in large area through tailoring the molecular structure and the interaction forces, understanding the synergy drive mechanism produced by the weak interactions between the molecular aggregations then optimizing the original function through the hybrid/ heterojunction self-assemble. In this paper, we discuss the synthetic methods for preparing heterojunctions incorporating diverse components and their potential applications in the fields of electronics and optics. From the 1980s to the early 1990s, self-assembly technology has a rapid development in the world which makes the small scale multidisciplinary cross showing great vitality and becoming a widely subject content with potential application in the field of fundamental research. Heterogeneous structured, composite, low dimensional and intelligence are the development trend and urgent need of modern materials in the fields of photoelectric and information technology. Combining different molecules with different structures, components and functions through self-assemble technology could complement, optimize and collaboratively enhance the basic characteristics of materials. At the same time, the research on complex systems can lead to new concept, new features and new materials which representing the development directions of current self-assembly technology and materials research. Heterojunction material is referred to a kind of composite material which combining two or more components and forming one or more well-knit interfaces. So far, the heterojunctions can be roughly divided into the following categories: metal-metal junctions [6][7][8][9][10][11]. Recently, the research about organic functional molecules in the state of aggregation structure has got rapid development. But, whether inorganic or organic functional materials, as a single material, it is difficult to satisfy various needs of the development of multifunctional materials. Combining inorganic and organic materials in a covalent or non-covalent manner to form one or more interfaces, the properties of these new functional materials arise from the sum of the contributions of the individual components as well as from processes that occur at the interfaces between the components, thereby realizing synergistic

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