In order to prevent its spread, the Government has regulated mobility restrictions for the community through the Large-Scale Social Restriction scheme. Limited mobility makes people meet their needs by shopping online to reduce the spread. Various policies have been issued by the government to break the chain of spread of the virus and even for the country's economic recovery. One of them is by issuing the Regulation in lieu of Law Number 1 of 2020 concerning State Financial Policy and Financial System Stability for Handling the Corona Virus Disease 2019 Pandemic (Covid-19) and / or in the Context of Facing Threats that Endanger the National Economy and / or Financial System Stability, and has been passed in Constitution Number 2 of 2020. This regulation summarizes a series of stimuli in the form of relaxation in the tax sector, relaxation in the customs and excise sector, relaxation in the banking sector, trade sector, public welfare and health sectors as well as for the benefit of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises. In this regulation, the government also decides to impose taxes on trading businesses through an electronic system in the midst of the Covid-19 outbreak. Keywords: Online Trading, E-Commerce, Law, Covid-19.
Dilatarbelakangi dengan suatu keprihatinan tentang teori-teori, pendapat-pendapat, dan konsepsi pemikiran hukum di Indonesia yang lahir dari para pakar dan ahli hukum. Kendatipun Indonesia telah Merdeka 76 Tahun, masih saja terbelenggu dan mengagungkan teori dan konsep pemikiran yang bersumber dari para ilmuawan Barat. Padahal ilmu hukum berbeda dengan ilmu sosial lainnya, apalagi dengan ilmu eksakta. Hukum itu bukanlah ilmu yang bersifat universal, tapi dia punya batas yuridiksi dan teritorial, dan hukum itu harus digali dan diambil dari nilai-nilai yang hidup dari masyarakatnya sendiri. Di Indonesia adalah hukum adat yang lahir dan tumbuh dan ditaati oleh masyarakat itu sendiri. Dengan melakukan penelitian kepustakaan dan mengamati fenomena yang ada di dunia akademis maupun dikalangan praktisi hukum kiranya saatnya kita mencari teori hukum yang bercirikan Keindonesiaan berdasarkan aliran Sociological Jurisprudence, halmana hukum sebagai pencerminan dan kongkretisasi nilai-nilai yang hidup dalam massyarakat (living law), selanjutnya hukum positif hanya akan efketif apabila selaras dengan hukum ynag hidup dalam masyarakat yang merupan cerminan nilai-nilai yang hidup di dalamnya. Dalam penulisan ini penlis mengambil contoh yang diambil dari falsafah Adat Jawa, Bali dan Minangkabau.
States have an obligation to acknowledge, in the sense of respecting, defending, and enforcing what is a citizen's right. One of these is the ulayat right of mastery and ownership, which has not yet been exercised to its full potential. This research method is normative research with a statute approach and is analyzed qualitatively. The arrangement regarding ulayat rights for indigenous peoples has been regulated in various provisions both nationally and internationally but in the framework of its implementation and implementation there are problems related to indigenous peoples' ulayat land that until now have not been resolved. Therefore, the foundation of a unused draft law that regulates the rights of indigenous peoples which will be expected through the new law not only provides legal certainty, but too to supply assurance to the status of arrive rights and there is no re-seizure of indigenous peoples' rights to their customary lands.
The development activities are things that every country to realize the fulfillment of the needs and welfare of the community. Limited land area is still one of the big problems in carrying out development. The land area that does not increase, followed by the need for land that continues to increase is the cause. The type of research used is the method normative and empirical juridical research which was finally analyzed using qualitative analysis methods. Regulation of the Governor of DKI Jakarta No. 167 of 2012 about underground space and the Regulation of the Minister of Public Works No. 02/PRT/M/2014 on Guidelines for Use of Space Inside the Earth, that exists today is sufficient and accommodate the implementation of the use of space underground for the construction of the Jakarta Mass Rapid Transit (MRT). However, as a step in the future use of underground space, required regulations on the use of space underground in the form of legislation that accommodates all the needs that have not been included in the current rules. Keywords: Underground Space Utilization, MRT Jakarta, Legal Certainty.
Letter of Credit selanjutnya disebut L/C, digunakan untuk membiayai sales contract jarak jauh antara pembeli dan penjual yang belum saling mengenal dengan baik. Kehadiran L/C digunakan untuk membiayai transaksi perdagangan internasional. L/C muncul dalam mekanisme perdagangan internasional atau antar pulau sebagai menifestasi dari kontrak dagang (sales contract) antara penjual dan pembeli sebagai kontrak dasar yang disepakati mengenai syarat pembayaran transaksi mereka. Sales contact sendiri adalah kesepakatan yang dibuat oleh penjual dan pembeli untuk melakukan jual beli barang atau jasa yang berisi butir-butir persyaratan yang mereka setujui. L/C didefinisikan sebagai jaminan pembayaran oleh Bank secara bersyarat, sedangkan arti yang luasnya yaitu L/C didefinisikan sebagai jaminan tertulis dari sebuah bank kepada seller (beneficiary) atas permintaan buyer (applicant accountee) untuk melakukan pembayaran, yaitu membayar, mengaksep atau menegosiasi wesel sampai dengan sejumlah uang tertentu yang telah ditetapkan sebelumnya atas dokumen-dokumen yang disyaratkan dalam suatu jangka waktu tertentu. L/C secara hukum merupakan kontrak yang independen dari kontrak dasarnya yaitu kontrak penjualan dan permintaan penerbitan L/C, keberhasilan pelaksanaan L/C sangat tergantung pada penerapan prinsip independensi. Prinsip independensi ini sejalan dengan Absolute Payment Theory. Teori ini mengatakan bahwa dengan penerbitan L/C maka telah memenuhi kewajibannya berdasarkan L/C tersebut, penjual tidak dapat menuntut pembayaran mutlak. Dengan demikian, L/C terpisah (independen) dari kontrak penjualan sebagai kontrak dasar. Pengecualian terhadap prinsip independensi adalah penipuan dan likuidasi bank
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