The present study intended to examine the levels of questions based on Bloom’s Taxonomy used in EFL classroom interaction, to investigate the teacher’s questioning techniques and to analyze the roles of teacher’s questioning on students’ critical thinking. This study applied qualitative descriptive method. Classroom observation, field notes and interview were employed. The study engaged an English teacher at SMA Negeri 1 Tolitoli. The result showed that the teacher asked four out of six levels of questions. The teacher asked all lower-order levels questions (knowledge, comprehension and application) whereas he only asked fewer analysis questions as higher-order levels questions (never asked synthesis and evaluation questions). Furthermore, the teacher applied all questioning techniques proposed by Turney. They are structuring, focusing, redirecting, distributing, pausing, teacher reacting, prompting and changing the level of cognitive demand. This study also found the new technique, namely joking. However, the results revealed that the roles of teacher’s questioning only in the lower-order thinking of the students which could not facilitate the student’s critical thinking but it can lead the students to think critically. Therefore, it was recommended to maximize the use of higher-order levels questions in order to train the students think critically.Keywords: Lower-order levels questions, higher-order levels questions, questioning techniques, critical thinking

Background Indonesia is one of the Southeast Asian countries with high case numbers of COVID-19 with up to 4.2 million confirmed cases by 29 October 2021. Understanding the genome of SARS-CoV-2 is crucial for delivering public health intervention as certain variants may have different attributes that can potentially affect their transmissibility, as well as the performance of diagnostics, vaccines, and therapeutics. Objectives We aimed to investigate the dynamics of circulating SARS-CoV-2 variants over a 15-month period in Bogor and its surrounding areas in correlation with the first and second wave of COVID-19 in Indonesia. Methods Nasopharyngeal and oropharyngeal swab samples collected from suspected patients from Bogor, Jakarta and Tangerang were confirmed for SARS-CoV-2 infection with RT-PCR. RNA samples of those confirmed patients were subjected to whole genome sequencing using the ARTIC Network protocol and sequencer platform from Oxford Nanopore Technologies (ONT). Results We successfully identified 16 lineages and six clades out of 202 samples (male n = 116, female n = 86). Genome analysis revealed that Indonesian lineage B.1.466.2 dominated during the first wave (n = 48, 23.8%) while Delta variants (AY.23, AY.24, AY.39, AY.42, AY.43 dan AY.79) were dominant during the second wave (n = 53, 26.2%) following the highest number of confirmed cases in Indonesia. In the spike protein gene, S_D614G and S_P681R changes were dominant in both B.1.466.2 and Delta variants, while N439K was only observed in B.1.466.2 (n = 44) and B.1.470 (n = 1). Additionally, the S_T19R, S_E156G, S_F157del, S_R158del, S_L452R, S_T478K, S_D950N and S_V1264L changes were only detected in Delta variants, consistent with those changes being characteristic of Delta variants in general. Conclusions We demonstrated a shift in SARS-CoV-2 variants from the first wave of COVID-19 to Delta variants in the second wave, during which the number of confirmed cases surpassed those in the first wave of COVID-19 pandemic. Higher proportion of unique mutations detected in Delta variants compared to the first wave variants indicated potential mutational effects on viral transmissibility that correlated with a higher incidence of confirmed cases. Genomic surveillance of circulating variants, especially those with higher transmissibility, should be continuously conducted to rapidly inform decision making and support outbreak preparedness, prevention, and public health response.

ABSTRAK Penelitian ini dilakukan pada Kecamatan Lewa Kabupaten Sumba Timur. Pemilihan lokasi dilakukan dengan pertimbangan bahwa Kecamatan Lewa merupakan sentra produksi padi di Kabupaten Sumba Timur dan produksinya mengalami fluktuasi yang mengindikasikan adanya risiko. Sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah petani padi sawah, penyuluh pertanian, dan pemerintah setempat. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah 1) menganalisis faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi produksi dan risiko produksi dengan responden 98 petani padi sawah, dan 2) menyusun strategi untuk menghadapi risiko produksi menggunakan analisis SWOT dengan sumber informan sebanyak 12 orang.Teknik pengambilan sampel digunakan secara acak sederhana (simple random sampling). Penelitian ini memakai model Cobb-Douglas dalam bentuk logaritma natural untuk menganalisis faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi produksi. Sedangkan faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi risiko produksi dianalisis dengan model multiplicative heterocedasticity. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi produksi adalah luas lahan, pupuk Urea, Phonska, pestisida, tenaga kerja, dan dummy musim tanam. Sedangkan faktor yang mempengaruhi risiko produksi adalah luas lahan, benih, dan herbisida. Sementara itu, hasil analisis menunjukkan strategi yang ditetapkan dengan TAS (Total Actractiveness Score) tertinggi adalah mengikuti pelatihan-pelatihan dan pembinaan melalui peningkatan kerjasama dengan pemerintah dan pihak lainnya.

<p><em>This study aims to obtain empirical evidence regarding business strategy, deferred tax expense and company characteristics such as audit committees, proportion of independent commissioners, institutional ownership, firm size on tax avoidance. These factors were retested because there were still inconsistent results from previous studies and there were variables that were rarely studied. This study uses a sample that includes 396 non-financial companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) during the 2016 to 2018 period, which is the period surrounding the tax amnesty policy in Indonesia. This study uses the cash effective tax rate (CETR) which is considered as a measure that can describe the amount of tax avoidance by the company. The research hypotheses were tested using multiple linear regression analysis. The results of this study indicate that business strategy have a positive effect on tax avoidance</em> <em>and firm size has a negative effect on tax avoidance, while deferred tax expense, audit committee, proportion of independent commissioners, institutional ownership have no effect on tax avoidance. The theoretical contribution of this study is to add to the development of previous literature related to the effect of business strategy, deferred tax expense and company characteristics such as audit committees, proportion of independent commissioners, institutional ownership, firm size on tax avoidance.</em></p>

Background: Low birth weight (LBW) are a major factor in increasing mortality and morbidity in neonates, infants who have a long-term impact on life in the future. Purpose: The aim of the study was to determine the relationship between parity, premature rupture of membranes and hypertension with LBW at Mardi Waluyo Metro Hospital in 2016. Methods: This study uses a cross sectional design. The study sample consisted of 302 newborns taken by quota sampling technique. The independent variables of the study included parity, premature rupture of membranes and hypertension, while the dependent variable was low newborns. Bivariate analysis using chi square test. Results: The results showed LBW prevalence of 25.5% of 302 infants and there was a correlation between LBW and parity (p = 0.024), premature rupture of membranes (p = 0.010) and hypertension (p = 0.000). Conclusions: The conclusions of this study are parity, premature rupture of membranes and hypertension increasing the prevalence of LBW. <br /><br />Latar belakang: Berat bayi lahir rendah (BBLR) merupakan faktor utama peningkatan mortalitas dan morbiditas pada neonatus, bayi yang memberikan dampak jangka panjang terhadap kehidupan di masa depan. Tujuan: Tujuan penelitian untuk mengetahui hubungan antara paritas, ketuban pecah dini dan hipertensi dengan BBLR di RS Mardi Waluyo Metro Tahun 2016. Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan desain cross sectional. Sampel penelitian berjumlah 302 bayi baru lahir yang diambil dengan teknik quota sampling. Variabel independen penelitian meliputi paritas, ketuban pecah dini dan hipertensi, sedangkan variabel dependen, yaitu bayi baru lahir rendah. Analisis bivariat menggunakan uji chi square. Hasil: Hasil penelitian menunjukkan prevalensi BBLR 25,5% dari 302 bayi dan terdapat hubungan BBLR dengan paritas (p=0,024), ketuban pecah dini (p=0,010) dan hipertensi (p=0,000). Simpulan: Simpulan penelitian ini adalah faktor paritas, ketuban pecah dini dan hipertensi meningkatkan prevalensi BBLR. <br /><br /><br />