purpose: to study the peculiarities of adaptive changes in high-class athletes to the effect of significant physical loads in middle mountain conditions. Material & Methods: determination of the level of urea and the concentration of hemoglobin in the blood was carried out using a biochemical analyzer “Diaglobal” (Germany) using ready-made kits of reagents from the same company. results: the article discusses the ways to improve the efficiency of training process management in athletics (race walking) and modern pentathlon, based on the use of biochemical control over the development of adaptation in various climatic conditions of the body of highly qualified athletes under the influence of training and control-competitive activities. conclusions: the reaction to the load of the blood system on the hemoglobin in the second microcycle of modern pentathletes showed an unwillingness to perform these loads, due to the fact that most athletes perform training loads at this height for the first time, while in athletes engaged in race walking in the second microcycle adaptive polycythemia was developing. This ensures the formation of sustainable adaptation, which allows you to perform the planned program of training loads. A blood test of race walking athletes showed that the concentration of urea, which was determined before exercise at rest, gradually increased within normal limits, and characterized the tolerability of training loads.

The generalization of data from the modern literature on the studied problem, as well as the results of previous studies by Stankevych, Zemtsova & Tomilova (2018), allowed to justify experimentally the choice of blood urea to correct one of the metabolic processes in training athletes. As a result of the study of athletes found that at the starting mesocycle of the special-preparatory stage of the preparatory period, the rate of blood urea in both groups of athletes did not differ significantly and amounted to 4.05±0.082 mmol·l -1 and 3.68±0.084 mmol·l -1 in women and 3.97±0.091 mmol·l -1 and 4.68±0.045 mmol·l -1 in men, accordingly. This content of blood urea corresponds to the av- erage group norms and indicates the balance of anabolism and catabolism of proteins, and therefore, may indicate the state of recovery of athletes at the beginning of the mesocycle. However, the increase in this indicator at the end of the mesocycle indicates that the amount of training loads differs in the duration of work. However, both in ath- letic walking and in middle-distance runners, reliability was noted regarding the state of rest (p<0.01). Knowledge of the peculiarities of the functioning of this part of the metabolism and the development of ways to increase the effectiveness of this mechanism in terms of intense muscle activity should be considered as one of the promising research areas to improve training and competitive activities, as well as speed up recovery in athletes.

Dairy products are important in human diet and nutrition. That is why dairy production is critical not only economically, but also socially and medically. In recent decades, dairy production has had problems with disturbances in fermentation processes caused by bacteriophage contamination. It is important to note that every year there are new reports about newly discovered bacteriophages that disrupt fermentation processes in the production of kefir, yogurt, and various types of cheese. Lactococcus lactis strains are of particular importance in dairy technology, as they are used for the production of various yogurts and cheeses. The study of the spectrum of bacteriophages infecting this strain can help to monitor the evolutionary changes of viruses and the horizontal transfer of genes. In this paper, an analysis of phages infecting L. lactis was carried out. Most bacteriophages belong to the Siphoviridae and Podoviridae families. Moreover, the authors analyzed approaches that can be used to reduce bacteriophage contamination in the production of dairy products. It has been shown that the use of disinfectants, such as ethanol on sodium hypochlorite, can reduce the titer of bacteriophages and protect products from the development of viral infection. It is also possible to use membrane filtration with UV irradiation. Moreover, all these approaches can be combined to achieve the most effective result.