At present, there is a trend towards increasing demand for ceramic products with enhanced physical and mechanical properties. This study is aimed at developing scientifically grounded compositions of ceramic products that maximize the use of local low-quality aluminosilicate raw materials and secondary raw materials in brick-making technology. Characteristics of local low-melting clays and industrial waste in the form of drilling slurry with minimum percentage of petroleum product were studied and presented in this paper. Standard methods for determining physical and mechanical properties of bricks, physicochemical and statistical methods of research are used as a methodological framework. The paper shows effects of drilling slurry with an increased content of calcium oxide on the composition, physical and mechanical properties of wall ceramics, as well as effects of composition of low-quality local clays and slurries on the structure and properties of ceramic materials. The modifying role of container glass and its effects on properties of a synthesized ceramic piece were studied and presented.

The paper is devoted to the study of the applicability of the indentation method for determining local properties of the matrix of carbon-carbon composite materials. It is shown that from the point of view of preserving the integrity of the matrix, it is advisable to use an indenter with the maximum possible diameter of spherical blunting. The characteristic values of contact stiffness, which have a significant value, are determined, which imposes restrictions on the components of the power circuit of the indentation device. The laws of changes in the level of stresses in the sample under various conditions, including the friction coefficients in the contact, are obtained. Estimates of the influence of the structural heterogeneity of the material on the measurement results are given, and it has been established that with a rational organization of the experiment, they are negligible.

В статье представлены результаты исследования различий в структурированной активности школьников, а также причин, которые эти различия определяют. Эмпирической базой исследования послужили данные опроса (опрошено 208 школьников) и интервью (25 интервью), проведенных в 2013-2014 гг. в гимназии и двух общеобразовательных школах «спального» района Санкт-Петербурга. В ходе исследования мы отвечали на следующие вопросы: Какие отличия существуют между структурированными формами активности старшеклассников? Как эти отличия соотносятся с ресурсами, которыми обладают школьники, и возможностями, предоставляемыми школами? Мы делаем вывод, что структурированная активность школьников может определяться спецификой школьной среды, а также восприятием себя и своих возможностей. Школы выступают не только в качестве площадок, предоставляющих разные виды и количество дополнительных занятий и других форм внеучебной активности. Они транслируют разные подходы к реализации внеучебных программ. Старшеклассники из разных школ по-разному Акифьева Раиса Николаевна -старший преподаватель департамента социологии, Санкт-Петербургская школа социальных и гуманитарных наук, Национальный исследовательский университет «Высшая школа экономики» (akifi

Abstract. At present, there is a trend towards increasing demand for ceramic products with enhanced physical and mechanical properties. This study is aimed at developing scientifically grounded compositions of ceramic products that maximize the use of local low-quality aluminosilicate raw materials and secondary raw materials in brick-making technology. Characteristics of local low-melting clays and industrial waste in the form of drilling slurry with minimum percentage of petroleum product were studied and presented in this paper. Standard methods for determining physical and mechanical properties of bricks, physiсochemical and statistical methods of research are used as a methodological framework. The paper shows effects of drilling slurry with an increased content of calcium oxide on the composition, physical and mechanical properties of wall ceramics, as well as effects of composition of lowquality local clays and slurries on the structure and properties of ceramic materials. The modifying role of container glass and its effects on properties of a synthesized ceramic piece were studied and presented.