SUMMARYThis paper presents an assessment of the technical and environmental performance of a wheat-based foam (WBF) and bio-composite for shipping chilled products. The thermal conductivity of the WBF was found to be higher than that of polyurethane foams commonly used in high-value insulation packaging, but close to that of low-density (expanded polystyrene) EPS foams and signifi cantly lower than that of polyethylene (PE) foams, which are typically used in thermal packaging of foods. The insulation performance of a simple cool box constructed from both the WBF and EPS sandwich panels without the use of any refrigerant was studied experimentally. The comparison demonstrated that the performance of the WBF cool box was comparable to that of the EPS counterpart. Two industrial case studies were conducted on WBF cool boxes with refrigerants in comparison with PE or EPS counterparts. The WBF cool boxes had comparable thermal performance to the EPS and PE counterparts on the basis of identical foam thickness. The performance of the WBF cool boxes was also simulated with fi nite element (FE) modelling. Good agreement was achieved between experimental data and the FE prediction. The model was then used to assist cool box design. WBF cool boxes made from renewable raw materials are inherently biodegradable and may be used as an alternative to those based on polymer foams in thermal packaging applications. Life-cycle assessment (LCA) was used to investigate environmental profi les of cool boxes made with WBF, EPS and PE foams. The WBF cool boxes offer substantially lower global warming and abiotic depletion potentials than equivalent cool boxes made from petrochemical foams.