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With no confident emission information, a dynamic multimedia model (POPsME) was evaluated by comparing predicted and measured relative concentrations (defined as the ratio of concentration in a medium to that in soil) for 12 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) (phenanthrene, anthracene, fluoranthene, pyrene, chrysene, benz[a]anthracene, benzo[b]fluoranthene, benzo[k]fluoranthene, benzo[a]pyrene, dibenz[a,h]anthracene, benzo[g,h,i]perylene, and indeno[1,2,3-c,d]pyrene). Field monitoring for multimedia (air particulates, water (dissolved phase and suspended solids), soil, sediment, and leaves of Pinus koraiensis and Prunus serrulata) was conducted seasonally over 1 yr from August 1999 to July 2000 at seven sites in Seoul and neighboring areas (150 km × 150 km) in Korea. The model was calibrated using the monitoring data of four PAHs (phenanthrene, pyrene, benzo[a]pyrene, and benzo[g,h,i]perylene) and tested with the remaining eight PAHs. For C suspended   solids/C soil and C sediment/C soil (Ci , concentration (mol/m3) in medium i), the model prediction changed with octanol−water partition coefficient (K ow) from underestimation to overestimation, revealing a limitation to the use of sorption equilibrium assumption and/or K ow for the description of sorption. Nonetheless, the model prediction generally agreed with the measured within a factor of 10 for all the monitored media. The relative concentration was shown to be a useful means to evaluate and improve the model.

Transition metal dichalcogenides exhibit phase transitions through atomic migration when triggered by various stimuli, such as strain, doping, and annealing. However, since atomically thin 2D materials are easily damaged and evaporated from these strategies, studies on the crystal structure and composition of transformed 2D phases are limited. Here, the phase and composition change behavior of laser‐irradiated molybdenum ditelluride (MoTe2) in various stacked geometry are investigated, and the stable laser‐induced phase patterning in hexagonal boron nitride (hBN)‐encapsulated MoTe2 is demonstrated. When air‐exposed or single‐side passivated 2H‐MoTe2 are irradiated by a laser, MoTe2 is transformed into Te or Mo3Te4 due to the highly accumulated heat and atomic evaporation. Conversely, hBN‐encapsulated 2H‐MoTe2 transformed into a 1T′ phase without evaporation or structural degradation, enabling stable phase transitions in desired regions. The laser‐induced phase transition shows layer number dependence; thinner MoTe2 has a higher phase transition temperature. From the stable phase patterning method, the low contact resistivity of 1.13 kΩ µm in 2H‐MoTe2 field‐effect transistors with 1T′ contacts from the seamless heterophase junction geometry is achieved. This study paves an effective way to fabricate monolithic 2D electronic devices with laterally stitched phases and provides insights into phase and compositional changes in 2D materials.

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The Lasater clinical judgment rubric (LCJR) is a standardized scoring method to assess student clinical judgment. The aims of this study were to (a) develop a scenario-specific clinical judgment assessment tool guided by the LCJR and (b) evaluate the new assessment tool's psychometric properties and ability to assess clinical judgment. Content validity was established using an expert panel. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) were used to assess the psychometric properties of the instrument. Convergent validity was identified using critical thinking. A three-factor model identified and confirmed with EFA and CFA was used in the new assessment tool to assess 250 undergraduate nursing students from three universities in Seoul, South Korea. The internal consistency using Cronbach's alpha coefficient was 0.825. Results of this study can provide nursing faculty with ways to develop and use new assessment tools in nursing education.