Oil palm frond (OPF) is one of potential sources of alternative feed, but has limited use due to high crude fiber and low crude protein contents. Fermentation is one of the methods widely applied to improve nutritive value of animal feed. The purpose of this research is to increase nutritive value of fermented oil palm fronds by adding different soluble carbohydrate source into fermentation media. The results of the experiments indicated that fermented oil palm fronds by Aspergillus niger had a significant effect (P<0,05) on the content of crude protein, crude fiber, and ash.Generally, fermented oil palm fronds with different soluble carbohydrate was able to increase the content of crude protein of oil palm fronds, but not optimal yet in reducing the crude fiber content of fermented substrate. However, the addition of rice bran on the fermentation medium showed the best results, characterized by increasing crude protein and decreasing crude fiber contents as well as improved dry matter and organic matter digestibility, reflected in high concentration of VFA.

The goal of this study is to evaluate the condition of fermentation in the rumen of cows by administration of 3 types of feed fiber agricultural crop residues (Groundnut Straw (GS), Corn Straw (CS) and Sugarcane Tops (ST)). Single feeding wascarried out at 2 Holstein Friesian Crossbred (HFC) cows with the age of 4-5 by fistula rumen.This study was conducted 20 days and with a 14-day adaptation period. At the end of the adaptation period, rumen fluid was collected to measure pH, N-NH 3 and VFA based on feed treatment percow. Collection of rumen fluid was simultanous conducted for 24 hours at 27 time points decision.The results of the experiment showed that the level of pH for GS, CS and ST was 7.02 + 0.29; 6.54 + 0.16 and 6.54 + 0.14 respectively. The level of N-NH 3 was 4.90 + 2.10 mg/100 ml of rumen fluid; 7.36 + 3.10 mg/100 ml of rumen fluid; 2.26 + 0.85 mg/100 ml of rumen fluidfor GS, CS and ST, respectively. Meanwile, the level of VFA was 57.44 + 12.75 mmol/l ml, 64.84 + 10.82 mmol/l and 44.13 + 6.66 mmol/l ml of rumen fluid, respectively. Hijauan makanan ternak (HMT) merupakan sumber utama pakan serat untuk ternak ruminansia, dan dapat disubstitusi dengan pakan serat lainnya yang berasal dari limbah hasil pertanian (jerami kacang tanah, jerami jagung dan pucuk tebu) yang tersebar hampir di seluruh Indonesia dan tersedia setiap tahun. Ruminansia merupakan ternak yang mempunyai keistimewaan pada alat pencernaannya, karena memiliki rumen sebagai wadah fermentasi yang membantu pencernaan pakan berserat kasar tinggi dan berkualitas rendah menjadi sumber energi untuk memproduksi susu, daging, wool dan lain-lain.Rumen adalah bagian yang mempunyai volume sekitar 70 -75% dari total saluran pencernaan. Peranan rumen sangat penting karena 60-90% dari kecernaan totalCorresponding author : yunasri_usman@yahoo.com berlangsung di dalam organ tersebut. Dalam rumen, pakan akan mengalami degradasi oleh aktivitas mikroorganisme sekitar 20 jam sejak pertama didegradasi, yang selanjutnya produk dari degradasi ini akan difermentasikan (Kustantinah et al., 1993). Produk akhir dari fermentasi karbohidrat di dalam rumen adalah asam lemak terbang/volatile fatty acids (VFA) dengan komponen utama terdiri atas asam asetat, propionat dan butirat, yang merupakan sumber energi bagi ternak ruminansia ( Mc Donald et al., 1988). Selain karbohidrat, pakan ternak ruminansia juga mengandung protein, baik protein murni maupun non protein nitrogen (NPN). Menurut Tamminga (1979), protein tersebut di dalam rumen akan mengalami perombakan secara hidrolisis oleh enzim protease menjadi peptida dan asam-asam amino, yang sebagian besar akan didegradasi dan dideaminasi menjadi asam-asam organik yaitu VFA, NH 3 , CO 2 , dan CH 4 . Amonia yang

Abstract. Sugarcane bagasse is one of agro-industrial residues containing low nutrient content and difficult to be digested by animals. However, it can be recycled to produce value-added product such as protein-enriched animal feed by application feed technology such as ammoniation and fermentation. The purposes of these experiments were to evaluate the quality and in vitro digestibility of sugarcane bagasse by using two steps feed technology process: ammoniation and continued by fermentation process. Two studies were conducted in these experiments. The first study was to determine the quality of amoniated sugarcane bagasse after incubation at room temperature at different days (0, 7, 14, 21, 28 days) and the second study was to determine in vitro degestibility of ammoniated sugarcane bagasse fermented by using the various levels of sago flour (0%, 5%, 10% and 15% from sample total) and kept at room temperature for 21 day in an-aerobic condition. Parameters measured in this study were DM, CP, CF, pH, OM, IVDMD (in vitro dry matter digestibility), IVOMD (in vitro organic matter digestibility). The model used for the statistical analysis was completely randomized design (CRD). The results of the first study indicated that length of incubation was not significantly affect (P>0.05) on crude fiber content but had significant effect (P<0.05) on crude protein content but only for control treatment. For the second study concluded that administration of the various levels of sago flour into ammoniated sugarcane bagasse fermented with T.harzianum significantly influenced (P<0.05) on OM, IVDMD and IVOMD but had not significantly effect on pH value. The results of the study indicated that application 10% of soluble carbohydrate from sago flour was recommended for fermentation process based on the results of in vitro and fermented feed quality studies.Key Words: ammoniation, fermentation, sugarcane bagasse, quality feed, in vitro Abstrak. Ampas tebu adalah salah satu hasil produksi limbah industri pertanian dengan kandungan nutrisi dan daya cerna yang rendah. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengevaluasi kualitas dan daya cerna secara in vitro ampas tebu dengan menerapkan teknologi pakan: amoniasi yang dilanjutkan dengan proses fermentasi. Dua percobaan dilakukan dalam penelitian ini. Percobaan pertama adalah menentukan kualitas dari ampas tebu yang telah diamoniasi dan difermentasi dengan lama pemeraman yang berbeda (0,7,14,21 dan 28 hari). Sementara penelitian kedua adalah penentuan daya cerna in vitro dari amapas tebu yang telah diamoniasi dan difermentasi selama 21 hari secara an-aerob dengan level karbohidrat terlarut (tepung sagu) yang berbeda (0%, 5%, 10% dan 15% dari total sampel). Parameter yang diukur dalam penelitian ini adalah kandungan bahan kering, protein kasar, serat kasar, pH, kecernaan bahan kering dan organik secara in vitro. Rancangan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah rancangan acak lengkap (RAL). Hasil dari penelitian pertama menunjukan bahwa lama inkubasi tidak berpengaruh (P>0,05) terh...

Evaluation of the potency of agricultural by product as ruminant animal feed in aceh besar regencyABSTRACT. A research to evaluate the potency of agricultural by product as animal feed was conducted in Aceh Besar Regency from June to December 2009. The purpose of this research is to evaluate the availability of local feed from agricultural by product including its production and quality, to calculate animal capacity of ruminant animals by using animal unit (AU) based the production and quality of agricultural by product.This research was carried out by survey method. Data consist of primary and secondary data to calculate the production and quality of agricultural by products in Aceh Besar Regency. The production of agricultural by products was calculated based on dry matter, crude protein and total digestible nutrient. Animal capacity which is calculated based on agricultural by products with the following measurement ; 1 animal unit consumes dry matter with the average of 6,25 kg/day (2.282,25 kg/year), crude protein with average of 0,06 kg/day (240,9 kg/year) and total digestible nutrient with the average of 4,3 kg/day (1.569,5 kg/year).Based on the calculation was found that total of dray matter, crude protein and total digestible nutrient from agricultural by product in Aceh Besar regency was 197.510 ton, 9443,8 ton and 89.167,7 ton respectively. The capacity of ruminant animals fed from agricultural by product in Aceh Besar regency was 87.061 AU, 39.202 AU, and 57.125 AU for dry matter, crude protein and total digestible nutrient respectively. It can be concluded that Aceh Besar regency has a big potency to develop animal production by using agricultural by products. Therefore, agricultural by products in Aceh Besar regency should be used optimally.

The evaluation of the Aceh cattle bulls weight which compensated between forage and concentrate at Superior Livestock Place in IndrapuriABSTRACT. This research was conducted at Superior Livestock Place in Indrapuri District, Aceh Besar  which lasted for 42 days. It was started on November 28th 2012 until January 9th 2013. This research was aims to know about the average daily gain for Aceh cattle bulls which compensated between forage and concentrate by using 12 bulls aged 2-2,5 years old. The design was used a Randomized Design Groups with 4 feed treatments and 3 repetitions. The feed percentages between forage and concentrate are ration A (100% forages), B (80%)forages and 20% concentrates), C (60% forages and 40% concentrates), and D (40% forages and 60% concentrates). The research analysis data were obtained by using ANOVA (Analysis of Variance). The parameters which observed in this study was the average daily gain, consumption, conversion, and efficiency rations. The result showed that the ration dry matter intake highly significantly (P0,01) between treatment A (4,45 Kg), and B (3,61 Kg), C (2,72 Kg), and D (3,38 Kg), but the treatment B and D highly significantly than treatment C (P0,01), the best ration consumption were derived from treatment C. The body weight Kg/bull/day significantly (P0,05) between treatment A (0,47 Kg) and B (0,65 Kg), C (0,60 Kg), and D (0,61 Kg), the best average daily gain were derived from treatment B. The conversion ration showed that highly significantly (P0,01) between treatment A (9,55 Kg), and B (5,55 Kg), C (4,60 Kg), and D (5,59 Kg), the best ration conversion were derived treatment C. Similarly, the efficiency ration showed that highly significantly (P0,01) between treatment A (0,11%), and B (0,18%), C (0,22%), and D (0,18%), C is the best ration efficiency on the treatment.