Satellite mobile navigation systems have been criticized for impairing human spatial memory as an assistant in daily life. Nevertheless, few studies have directly investigated the specific role of different main contributors in such impairment in the same context. This study selected two of the main contributors leading to the impairment of human spatial memory and then made every possible effort to eliminate them from the navigation system: return user's route
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.