Electric boilers (EBs) provide an alternative method to deal with the accommodation of curtailed wind power. To pursue the minimum coal consumption in the system, a dispatching model integrating combined-heat-and-power (CHP) plants and EBs in different locations is developed, and the penalty of wind power curtailment and cost of EB employment are also incorporated in the model. The transmission loss and transportation lag of heat-supply network as well as the elasticity of heat load are considered in this paper. A kind of constrained programming with stochastic and fuzzy parameters is applied to deal with the uncertainties. A case in East Inner Mongolia in China demonstrates that the EBs are able to absorb curtailed wind power and supply the heat. The results indicate that the utility of EBs in the primary or secondary heat-supply network to accommodate curtailed wind power is mainly related to the efficiency of heat transmission and the elasticity of heat load. Index Terms--Wind power, combined-heat-and-power (CHP) unit, electric boiler (EB), heat-supply network.

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This paper proposes a hybrid control strategy of air-conditioning loads (ACLs) for participating in peak load reduction. The hybrid control strategy combines the temperature setpoint adjustment (TSA) control and on/off control together to make full use of response potentials of ACLs. The primary free transport model of ACLs has been established in literature at or near a fixed temperature setpoint. In this paper, a widerange transport (WRT) model suitable for larger value of TSA is proposed. The WRT model can be constructed easily through the parameter of devices and indoor and outdoor temperature. To modulate the aggregate response characteristics of ACLs more friendly to the power grid, the safe protocol (SP) is adopted and integrated into the WRT model, which achieves a good unification of oscillation suppression and efficient modeling. Moreover, the hybrid control strategy is implemented based on the WRT model, and the model predictive control (MPC) controller is designed considering the tracking error and control switch cost. At last, the superiority of the hybrid control strategy is verified and the performance of ACLs for peak load reduction under this controller is simulated. The simulation results show that the hybrid control strategy could exploit the load reduction potential of ACLs fully than the TSA mode and track the reference signal more accurately.

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