Abstract. EMWF (Embedded Workflow Framework)is an open source middleware for flexible (i.e., configurable, customizable and adaptable), usercentric automation and assistive devices and systems. EMWF 1.0 provides a light-weight workflow manager and engines on Windows CE, Windows XP Embedded, and Linux. It is for small embedded automation devices. EMWF 2.0 also provides basic message passing and real-time scheduling mechanisms and workflow communication facility. This paper describes EMWF 1.0 and extensions in EMWF 2.0, as well as case studies on workflow-based design and implementation as motivations for EMWF and the extensions.