The students’ thinking process when solving HOTS questions in mathematics National Examinations very necessary to know. There are three types of students’ thinking processes used in this study, namely conceptual thinking, semi-conceptual thinking, and computational thinking. This study aims to describe in detail about field-independent and field-dependent students' thinking process when solving HOTS questions in the 2018 Mathematics National Examination. The research subjects were six 8th grade students, consisting of 3 students on each cognitive style. Data collection techniques are written test and interview. The written test and interview results data are analyzed according to indicators of the thinking process. The results of this study indicate that the field independent students' thinking process is conceptual while dependent students are computational.

<span>This study aimed to: i) identify the types of completion and ways of completing mathematical tasks carried out by students based on the type of their educational institution (junior high school/SMP and junior Islamic high school/MTs); and ii) explore the tendency of the type of reasoning students use in completing the tasks. This study involved 93 students at grade 8 of prominent SMP and MTs in Sidoarjo Regency, East Java, Indonesia. Variety of ways and solutions to mathematical tasks and the tendency to type students' reasoning were explored through creative reasoning tests. Interview techniques by telephone were implemented to further explore the types of student reasoning: local creative reasoning (LCR) or global creative reasoning (GCR). The results showed that in comparison to MTs students, SMP students have more varied answers and ways to solve mathematical tasks. However, in certain cases MTs students show some unique answers. The type of creative reasoning that students tend to use is of the LCR. These findings indicate the importance for mathematics teachers to design mathematics tasks that develop GCR-type creative reasoning. Examples and exercises in mathematics textbooks should also be directed at developing this type of creative reasoning.</span>

The aim of this research is to measure mathematical literacy skills of a student after mathematics learning processes using naive geometry method on the quadratic equation. This research is using quantitative methods. This research was implemented at SMP Ulul Albab. The mathematical literacy skills obtained from observation and mathematics literacy tests which refer to the mathematics literacy indicator. The tests were given after a teaching and learning process using naive geometry while observation was done during the learning process. The results show that 22.73% students have high mathematical literacy skill, 68.18% students have intermediate mathematical literacy, and 9.09% students who have low math skills literacy.

Tugas matematika di Indonesia didominasi oleh jenis closed task. Padahal untuk mempelajari penalaran imitatif dan kreatif, siswa harus berlatih berbagai macam jenis tugas di antaranya closed task dan open task. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk: mendeskripsikan desain closed task dan open task yang mampu mendorong munculnya penalaran imitatif dan kreatif. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif kualitatif. Subjek dalam penelitian ini adalah siswa SMPN 4 Waru yang dipilih menggunakan teknik purposive sampling. Data dikumpulkan melalui teknik catatan lapangan, tes penalaran imitatif dan kreatif, serta wawancara berbasis tugas. Data dianalisis dengan cara membandingkan tabulasi terkait ketercapaian indikator tipe penalaran imitatif (MR dan AR) serta indikator tipe penalaran kreatif (LCR dan GCR) pada masing-masing tugas berdasarkan hasil wawancara dan hasil tes penalaran imitatif dan kreatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa closed task yang menanyakan rumus suku ke-n yang telah diketahui siswa akan memunculkan tipe MR, sebaliknya closed task yang berkaitan dengan penerapan rumus yang telah diketahui siswa untuk mencari suku selanjutnya dari suatu barisan bilangan akan memunculkan tipe AR. Open task yang menanyakan pola ke-n dari konfigurasi objek dan banyak melibatkan hal baru bagi siswa akan cenderung memunculkan tipe GCR, sebaliknya open task yang menanyakan suku selanjutya dari barisan bilangan dan tidak sepenuhnya baru/banyak melibatkan hal-hal yang telah diketahui siswa cenderung memunculkan tipe LCR.

Reflective abstraction is an activity to construct mathematical concepts through similarities and combinations of existing structures and reorganized into four levels: (1) recognition, (2) representation, (3) structural abstraction, and (4) structural awareness. Each individual has different characteristics of cognitive style in processing information. Differences in cognitive style affect the individual's ability to understand the problem. This study aims to describe students' level of reflective abstraction in solving mathematical problems in terms of field-independent (FI) and field-dependent (FD) cognitive styles. This research is a qualitative descriptive study. Task-based interviews carried out the data collection technique. The results are that field-independent (FI) students can correctly perform all levels of reflective abstraction in the stages of solving mathematical problems, but field-dependent (FD) students can only do abstraction on the introduction and representation.