Molecular biological studies on Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. sepedonicus, the causal agent of bacterial ring rot of potato, have gained greater feasibility due to the recent availability of whole genomic sequences and genetic tools for related taxa. Here, we describe the first report of construction and characterization of a transposon (Tn) mutant library of C. michiganensis subsp. sepedonicus sp. strain R10. Since virulence of R10 in potato has been shown previously to be associated with elicitation of a nonhost hypersensitive response (HR), the mutant library was screened initially for loss of HR in tobacco. The screen identified two HR-negative mutants containing Tn insertions within the same gene, CMS2989 (chp-7), although at distinct locations. chp-7 is one of 11 pat-1 homologs in C. michiganensis subsp. sepedonicus. HR-negative mutants of R10 multiplied to the same extent as wild type in planta but were less virulent in potato. Complementation with chp-7 restored virulence as well as the HR phenotype. Together, these findings demonstrate a role for chp-7 in C. michiganensis subsp. sepedonicus-plant interactions.

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Sedentary retired staff members and workers acted as a control group. Personal data on age, sex, height, weight, and physical condition of the exercise group are shown in Table 1.No participant took drugs which could alter immunity or was treated by acupuncture or Qugong (a system of deep breathing exercise) during the past 5 years.The participants were investigated between 8:30 and 10:30 a. m. During the experiment the average temperature was constant at 23 C (ranged from 21 to 25 C); 0.1 ml blood from the left ring finger tip was withdrawn through a syringe in a sitting position at rest for the determination of the percentage of active (Ea%) and total (Et%) E rosettes. Stimultaneously 0.01 ml blood was collected from the left ring fingertip for estimation of total white blood cells (WBC count 10q i5 and the percentage of lymphocytes (LC %). The same blood samples were taken from the right ring fingertip immediately after 20 mm of a bout of Taichiquan exercise (88 style) in a sitting position. E rosettes (E) were determined by a modified rosetting test as described by Yu He (2) followed by calculation according to the formulae: LCcount 10q = WBCcount• LC% Ea(Et) count 10q = LCcount• Ea(Et)% Introduction

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