Two new lignans, alashinols F and G (1 and 2), together with two known analogues (-)-secoisolariciresinol (3) and meso-secoisolariciresinol (4) were isolated from the stem bark of Syringa pinnatifolia, a Mongolian folk medicine with anti-myocardial ischaemic effects. Their structures were elucidated on basis of spectroscopic data analyses, including MS and 1D and 2D NMR, and their absolute configurations were elucidated on the basis of experimental and calculated electronic circular dichroisms. The in vitro anti-inflammation and anti-hypoxia evaluations were also discussed.

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A cytotoxicity-guided phytochemical investigation of Anemone vitifolia roots led to the isolation of six oleanane saponins (1–6), which were reported from the species for the first time. Their structures were determined by comparing its MS and NMR data with those in literature. Compounds 1–4 showed significant inhibitory effects on the proliferation of hepatocellular carcinoma HepG2 cells with IC50 values ranging from 2.0 to 8.5 μM, compared to positive control methotrexate with IC50 value of 15.8 μM. Flow cytometry analysis revealed that compounds 1–4 exerted anti-proliferative effects through a pro-apoptotic way of hepatocellular carcinoma cells.