Strong growth in the civil aviation sector will accelerate in the future. Here, we confront the future net chemical (ozone, methane, sulfate, nitrate, black carbon, and water vapor) global climate impact of aviation at 2050 for three novel plausible scenarios constructed at the Volpe National Transportation Center using the U.S. Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) Aviation Environmental Design Tool (AEDT). The aviation net chemical climate impact is cooling in all cases and increases from −10 ± 4 mW m−2 in the contemporary climate up to –69 ± 21 mW m−2 by 2050. Future improvements in fuel efficiency provide the opportunity to reduce aviation's net chemical climate impact by ~50% relative to a baseline scenario of unconstrained growth. On the 20 year time horizon, the cooling net aviation chemical climate impact masks the aviation CO2 global warming by up to 50–100% in the contemporary and future atmospheres.

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Purpose In the transitional process of promoting market-oriented interest rate, China is confronted with an important theoretical and practical issue: how to avoid bank runs and realize the smooth operation of the financial system. The purpose of this paper is to construct a bank-run dynamic model by taking into account a market environment with the transmission of multiple rounds of noise information, a comprehensive consideration of depositors’ expectation of return on assets (or earning rate/yields of assets), the efficiency of information processing and dissemination, and the different motives for premature withdrawal. Design/methodology/approach The authors discussed the dynamic process of bank runs, furnished the ratio and number of each round of bank run, and characterized the corresponding dynamic equilibrium as well. Furthermore, the authors expanded the benchmark model by incorporating the deposit insurance system (DIS) to discuss the action mechanism of DIS overruns. Findings The results show that DIS implementation has two opposite effects: stabilized expectation and moral hazard, by virtue of its influence over the two types of premature withdrawal motives of depositors; the implementation effect of DIS rests with the dual-effect comparison, which is endogenous to the institutional environment. Originality/value The policy implications are as follows: while implementing DIS, it is necessary to establish and improve the corresponding institutional construction and supporting measures, to consolidate market discipline and improve the supervisory role of the bank’s internal governance mechanism, so as to reduce the potential moral hazards. The financial system reform shall be furthered and the processing and dissemination efficiency of information be elevated to prompt depositors to form stable withdrawal expectations, thereby enhancing the stabilizing effect of DIS.

Fast Fourier Transform is widely used in communication and signal processing. I propose an improved multipath delay commutator pipelining architecture based on the radix-2 time decimation algorithm. By optimizing the intermediate data processing process and the first stage of pipelining, the architecture improves the system's computing speed and reduces the use of registers. I propose a multiplication scheme based on CORDIC and binary decomposition coding to realize complex number multiplication and constant multiplication and to eliminate the use of a multiplier. Experimental results suggest that proposed implementation has less latency and hardware utilization as compared to recently proposed implementations.