The Association “Roselectromontazh” conducted a study of electrical loads for residential and public buildings in the Republic of Tatarstan showed that actual electrical loads are 1.5 - 2.5 times lower than in regulatory documents. Recently constructed cable networks and transformer substations of 0.4 / 10 kV in fact turn out to be underloaded. Moreover, this underload is such that most of the transformers rarely operate at 30% of their capacity during hours of maximum power consumption. The calculation of electric load is the basis for designing the power supply system of any capital construction facility. According to the open joint-stock company “Network Company” and with the support of the President of the Republic of Tatarstan, the Association “Roselectromontazh” carried out an experimental study on updating the requirements for calculating electricity consumption in public and public buildings of the Republic of Tatarstan. The actualization of electrical loads will lead to a significant economic effect by reducing the declared capacity and accordingly the power and number of power transformers reducing the cross-sections of power cables and consequently, capital costs during construction and operation.

To date, one of the most relevant tasks is a justified calculation of the electrical capacity of residential buildings and public facilities. Studies conducted by the "Roselectromontazh" Association have shown a significant difference between the actual and calculated electrical capacity, which is further confirmed by the reports of electric grid companies. In some cases, there is a 3-fold difference. This occurs due to the emergence of a sustainable culture of electricity consumption and the use of highly energy-efficient devices. In 2019, the results of the research work were taken into account in the regional urban planning standards of the Republic of Tatarstan. On average, the normative values have been reduced by 2 times. This enabled a significant reduction in the difference between the actual and calculated electrical capacity. From 2020 onwards, leading construction companies in the Republic of Tatarstan are applying up-to-date values to decrease utility services' construction costs. For power grid companies the savings consist of reduction of electrical energy losses and "locked electrical capacity" and the elimination of inefficient investments. It is important to note that specific values of electrical load were calculated taking into account summer and winter peaks in order to exclude the emergencies. However, it was impossible to predict a time when people would need to stay self-isolated at home to prevent the spread of severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-2019). Corresponding diagrams relative to 2019 were constructed to determine the impact of the electricity consumption of residential buildings during lockdown.

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Design organizations use standard specific load values to calculate the power consumed by residential and public buildings. The practice of operating power supply systems has shown that in most cases the actual load is 1.5 – 2.5 times less than the calculated load. The constructed cable networks and transformer substations of 0.4 / 10 kV are actually underloaded. The Association “Roselektromontazh” conducted research of TS loading of 0.4/10 kV in several cities of the Russian Federation, the results of which determined that about 80% of TS work with a maximum load of less than 30% during the year. The capacity of power transformers is selected according to account 70% of the total maximum load in the rated mode. Low load of power transformers leads to an increase in losses in them by comparing those working with a load of 70%; an inefficient use of investments. To solve this situation, it is proposed to monitor electric loads with subsequent updating of standard documents in terms of calculated specific electric loads, which will bring the calculated values closer to the actual ones to increase economic efficiency in the construction and operation of the power grid complex.

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