-(The historical aspects of the Botanical Garden of São Paulo). Among the gardens created by men, the botanical garden can be considered as one of the most important. It has many functions such as scientific, educational, social, aesthetical, historical and ecological. The contemporary Botanical Garden of São Paulo was officially established in 1938 with all the functions mentioned above, but the record of its history lacks a revision. The history of the Botanical Garden of São Paulo has shown some frustrated attempts to initially establish the Garden and then to change its original site. Two areas for the construction of the Garden were the most relevant to its history: the site where it was initially conceived, between 1799 and 1838, which today is known as Parque da Luz, and the site where it is now present, since 1928, at the Parque Estadual das Fontes do Ipiranga (PEFI). There were other botanical gardens at São Paulo between 1896 and 1928 such as Horto Botânico da Cantareira, Horto Botânico Oswaldo Cruz and Horto Botânico do Museu Paulista. Nowadays, only the Botanical Garden at PEFI remains. The history of the Botanical Garden of São Paulo is associated with the history of a governmental scientific research institution, the Instituto de Botânica, which is presently responsible for its administration.

Pentecostalismo e lulismo na periferia de São Paulo. Estudo de caso sobre uma Assembleia de Deus na eleição municipal de 2012 São Paulo 2013 Resumo Esta pesquisa consiste em um Estudo de Caso realizado nas eleições municipais de 2012 em São Paulo, no qual explorei a dinâmica eleitoral por dentro de uma igreja evangélica pentecostal que pertence à denominação Assembleia de Deus, em um de seus principais segmentos-o ministério Belém. A investigação se deu tanto no plano da instituição religiosa em questão, quanto no plano dos seus fiéis. Na dimensão institucional, procurei observar os discursos, estratégias e práticas da igreja em questão no momento eleitoral. Na dimensão dos fiéis, procurei entender como essas pessoas estruturam suas visões de mundo e as traduzem no momento do voto, levando em consideração os estímulos da Igreja, mas também as dimensões socioeconômicas em jogo no pleito eleitoral de 2012 em São Paulo. A observação aqui realizada abrangeu tanto o plano eleitoral proporcional quanto o majoritário. Tal abordagem teve como objetivo a investigação ampla da dinâmica eleitoral nesse espaço e nesse pleito específico. A investigação encontrou diferentes tipos e intensidades de engajamento da instituição religiosa entre o plano proporcional e majoritário. Entre os fiéis, encontrei forte apoio, oriundo dos sentimentos de pertencimento e comunidade característicos da sociabilidade religiosa, à candidata promovida pela instituição no plano proporcional. No plano majoritário, o debate de pautas socioeconômicas se fez mais presente, fazendo com que um grupo de fiéis renegassem a indicação da igreja. Abstract This research analyses the electoral dynamic within a pentecostal church of the denomination Assembly of God, in one of its main ministries, the ministry of Belém. The investigation approached both institutional and membership levels. In the institutional dimension, I analyzed the speeches, strategies and practices of the church in the electoral period. In membership's dimension, I analyzed the shaping of the points of views and them effects in the electoral level, considering the influence of the church and also socioeconomics issues. The observation conducted covered both proportional and majoritarian levels, aiming the broad investigation of the electoral dynamic in this specific place and electoral process. This investigation founds different kinds and intensities of the institution in the proportional and majoritarian levels. In membership dimension, I found a strong support to the candidate promoted by the church in the proportional level, deriving of the communitarians ties of the religious sociability. In the majoritarian level, the discussion of the socioeconomic issues was more present, and a part of the members disagreed with the indication of the church. Agradecimentos Este trabalho é fruto de um intenso processo de aprendizagem, que envolveu colaborações e parcerias valiosas estabelecidas na minha vida pessoal e-ainda curta-vida acadêmica. Dessa forma, gostaria de agradecer a algumas pessoas e ...

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Brazilwood was the first product found in Terra de Santa Cruz, and the first explored by Portuguese colonization of Brazil. This study aims at the Occidental Cartography and the historical files represented by Portugal's interest on mapping the marketed product found in Brazil. The representation of Brazilwood in maps was possible due to scientific advancements, new land discoveries, and technological improvement during the 15 th century, which all have taken cartography to a whole new period, stressing Portuguese hegemony in Asia and in the New World. The goal of this research was to identify and analyze maps from 16 th and 17 th centuries that represented the geographical distribution of Brazilwood, and its trade. Brazilwood was represented in many maps by illumination and detailed by different cartographers. The maps and other evidence for this research were found in historical files held in both Brazil and Portugal.