The results of researches of the perspective direction of solving the problem of growth of hardness of typical chernozem, which consisted in enrichment of the soil with fresh organic matter of postharvest greens, are presented. During the years of our research it was found that growing of post-harvest siderates contributed to a significant reduction in hardness of 0-30 cm soil layer. Among the studied siderates the lowest hardness of 0-30 cm soil layer was under crops of Raphanus sativum in all years of research -10.9-16.8 kg/cm 2 . In the variants of potato growing without fertilizers was found close reverse relation between hardness and productive moisture reserves -r = -0.74. These dependences confirm positive effect of siderate Raphanus sativum as a factor of biological loosening of soil. After all, it was just the variant where reduction of productive moisture reserves had the smallest share of impact -22% on the growth of soil hardness. At the same time, this share of influence increased to 27-41% on the background of other siderates and manure, and up to 54% in the control without application of organic fertilizers. The highest yield of potato tubers was obtained on the plots with the lowest soil hardness, where Raphanus sativum was used as a post-harvest siderate, followed by the variants with manure, Phacelia tanacetifolia and Fagopyrum esculentum.

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The results of research on the activation of the microflora by using post-harvest green manure crops were presented. As a result of the conducted studies, the positive effect of sidereal crops of Raphanus sativum and Phacelia tanacetifolia on activity increase of microflora in black soil with little humus was revealed. Application of post-harvest siderates increased the number of non-sporous species of bacteria and actinomycetales, contributed to improvement of soil environment under the influence of siderates, which had a positive effect on creating more comfortable conditions for growing potatoes. The usage of green fertilizers had a positive influence on microbiology activity of soil.

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The article presents and briefly discusses the results of an investigation  of the effectiveness of green manure made from oilseed radish (Raphanus sativus L.)  following sugar beet and potatoes. In a field experiment, conducted in 2005‒2010 years in Sumy National Agrarian University, we examined four mechanical methods: ploughing to a depth of 28‒30 cm (conventional tillage), sweep ploughing to a depth of 28‒30 cm, disking to a depth of 14‒16 cm and 4‒6 cm. The soil is determined as chernozem calcic (typical) medium loam (low humic, slight acid). The research area belongs to the Left Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine. Green manure was sown after harvesting spring barley and incorporated in late October. The use of green manure signifacantly improves the nutrients regimes of calcic chernozem during sugar beets and potatoes cultivation: the content of hydrolyzed nitrogen in the soil layer of 0‒30 cm increased by 9.8‒13.8 mg/kg, mobile phosphorus ‒ by 8,0‒13,8 mg/kg and exchangeable potassium by 7,8‒13,0 mg/kg related to other fertilized variants. Sweep ploughing to a depth of 28‒30 cm resulted in increasing of hydrolyzed nitrogen content by 106.7 and 113.8 mg/kg, mobile phosphorus ‒ 124.6 and 129.6 mg/kg and exchangeable potassium ‒ 121,7 and 123.6 mg/kg. The phytomass of green manure had the highest effect on the rising of nitrogen content ‒ 49‒52 %, and the least effect was recieved for phosphorus ‒ 24‒25 %. Incorporation of green manure by classic tillage and sweep ploughing had a greater effect on N and P content ‒ by 33‒66 % and 19‒61 % respectively. The best yields of of sugar beets ‒ 35.4 t/ha and potatoes ‒ 30.3 t/ha have been provided by using of green manure and sweep ploughing that is respectively plus 1.4 and 1.8 t/ha related to variants with conventional ploughing. It means also plus 4,7 і 3,7 t/ha related to variants with disking to a depth of 14‒16 cm; 5,9 і 5,1 t/ha in comparison with disking to a depth of 4‒6 cm. The highest intensity of nitrogen and potassium balance growing sugar beets and potatoes was provided by green manure - 114.9 and 136.0 % and 135.7 and 101.7 %, respectively. Use of oilseed radish and sweep ploughing to a depth of 28‒30 cm result in the positive nutrients balance that is closer to the equilibrium balance.