The article is devoted to the problem of juvenile delinquency, which is relevant in the context of discussing interdisciplinary issues of its prevention based on the analysis of the characteristics of the state of crime in the Russian Federation from 2018 to 2020. The article presents the content of psychological and legal categories that characterize the personality of a minor criminal and the mechanisms of the formation of criminal behavior. Special attention is paid to the description of the factors and conditions that contribute to the commission of crimes by minors, including repeated ones. On the example of specific classifications and typologies, the state of knowledge of the problem of studying the personality of a minor offender and a convicted person, as well as their psychological characteristics, is analyzed. The article describes the contribution of individual domestic and foreign scientists who proposed variants of classifications and typologies of juvenile delinquents. The study found that a significant number of classifications and typologies of juvenile offenders often take as the basis of its system of one or more characteristics, research which largely depends on the scientific interests of the authors. Based on the generalized scientific and empirical data on the psychological, criminological, socio-demographic characteristics of minors who have committed crimes, an attempt is made to typologize the designated group. As a result of the conducted research, priority areas of psychological and pedagogical work with minors in order to prevent crime were identified.

The main attention in the presented work is paid to the problem of identifying the causes of corrupt behavior and anti-corruption measures. The authors have identified groups of causes of corrupt behavior. Special attention is paid to the role of empathy in involvement in corruption crimes. Based on the theoretical analysis carried out, the authors note the insufficiency of studying the psychological, in particular the emotional, component of the formation of corrupt behavior. On the example of the specific professional activity of prison system employees interacting with persons convicted of various crimes, the presence of a contradiction is demonstrated, consisting, on the one hand, in the need for a correctional officer to have the ability to sympathize and empathize with convicts, and on the other — to counteract manipulative influences focused on the emotional sphere of the individual. The necessity of taking into account the role of empathy in the formation of an anti-corruption standard of behavior of employees of the penitentiary system is substantiated.