Introduction: It has been proven that the oral hygiene is determined by the quantitative and qualitative composition of the bacterial biofilm, by the local immunity, and the rheological properties of the oral fluid. The aim of this study was to observe the dynamics of these parameters in the short term postoperative period after dental implantation in patients with a different state of periodontal tissues, depending on maintenance therapy. Materials and methods: 124 healthy people, aged 18 to 34, were examined. Depending on the follow-up maintenance therapy after dental implantation, patients were divided into two equal study groups: patients of the main group received the proposed differentiated maintenance therapy, the volume and multiplicity of which were determined by the initial oral hygiene state; patients of the control group underwent traditional treatment. Patients with healthy periodontium comprised a comparison group. Using the digital drop shape, the viscosity coefficient b2 was determined. Identification of the biofilm’s microorganisms was carried out with aerobic and anaerobic cultivation techniques. The presence of immunoglobulin SIgA in the oral liquid was determined by Manchini’s radial immunodiffusion method. Results: In the main group, the viscosity coefficient b2 and the content of SIgA immunoglobulin in the oral fluid were significantly higher than in the control group (p <0.05). The proposed maintenance therapy led to the restoration of the species domination of the probiotic microflora, proportional to the healthy periodontium both in the frequency of selection, and the level of insemination. The indicated dynamics of these parameters leads to a probable decrease of the Green-Vermillion HI (p<0,05). Conclusions: Proposed maintenance therapy leads to a probable improvement of the oral hygiene state based on Green-Vermillion HI, caused by the normalization of the surfactant properties of the oral liquid, biofilm’s ratio of microbial associations, and local oral hygiene.

The aim: To study the features of clinical wound healing (intensity and duration of inflammatory reaction) after the indications for patients with generalized periodontitis II, III degrees of severity of patch surgery accompanied by normo-, hyper- and hyporeactivity of the body. Materials and methods: 216 people aged 45 between 55 years with a diagnosis of generalized periodontitis of II, III degree of severity, chronic course were examined. Depending on the condition of reactivity of the organism, the patients were divided into three groups: the first one consisted of people with normoreaction; the second group included patients with hyperreaction; the third group was made up by people with hyporeaction. The patients after the initial therapy, underwent patch surgery. Initially, on the 2nd, 4th, 6th and 9th day after the operation, the clinical examination of the periodontal tissues (examination, hygienic and periodontal indices) was performed. Statistical processing of the obtained digital data was performed using the computer program Statistica 8.0. Results: Normoreactivity of the body determines the normal time of wound healing after patch surgery, which on the 9th day is characterized by the clinical condition of the gingival mucosa, which corresponds to the concept “healthy” for 98% of patients. In case of hyperreactivity of the organism slowing down of processes of wound healing for 3-4 days in comparison with the time which is typical for normoreactivity with dynamics of the indices which specifies long intensive character of inflammatory reaction in the postoperative period has been observed. In case of hyporeactivity of the body as well as in case of hyperreaction, there was a slowdown in wound healing for 3-4 days compared with normoreactivity with the dynamics of indices that showed slow sluggish nature of the inflammatory reaction in the postoperative period. Conclusions: Correction of altered parameters in patients with generalized periodontitis accompanied by impaired (hyper- and hypo-) reactivity of the body with bringing them to values which are typical for normoreactivity is considered to be a condition for optimizing mucosal wound healing after surgery and further stabilization of the periodontal tissues.

The aim: Is to evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed method of constructing occlusal surfaces of orthopedic structures by monitoring the dynamics of functional indicators of occlusion and the functional condition of the masticatory muscles. Materials and methods: The object of the study was made up by 64 patients with included defects of the dentition of the 3rd class according to Kennedy. Patients were divided into two equal groups – the main group (patients were treated by using the suggested method of construction of occlusal surfaces of orthopedic structures) and control (dentition defects were replaced according to the traditional protocol). Results: The results of evaluating the effectiveness of the proposed method showed that the index of symmetry of the anterior bundles of the temporal muscles dropped by 18.5%, the index of symmetry of the masticatory muscles reduced by 22%, the torque of the mandible reduced by 32%, the index of stabilizing occlusal – by 27%, relative efforts of balance disturbance for more than 10 % regarding the left and right reduced by a factor of 4.4, the rate of opening time was 1.5 times higher than before, the rate of time of opening of the jaws – 1.8 times. Conclusions: The use of the suggested method of orthopedic treatment with temporary structures leads to probable changes in the studied functional parameters in comparison with the control group (p <0,05).

The usage of the principle of optimal management, namely such effects on complicated forms, when the course of the disease is close to that of uncomplicated course of the disease is very promising in drug therapy of patients with generalized periodontitis. The aim is to study the intensity and duration of the phases of wound healing of the mucosa after spontaneous periodontitis surgery accompanied by normo-, hyper- and hyporeactivity of the body by cytological examination of smear-imprints of wound exudate. Materials and methods: The experiments were performed on 24 adult mongrel dogs divided into three equal groups. In the first group, drugs that disrupt the reactivity of the organism were not used (normoreactivity of the organism). In the second group, the animals were simulated a сondition of hyperreactivity, in the third group – the hyporeactivity of the organism. All the animals with spontaneous periodontitis underwent a patchwork surgery. In the period after surgery, cytological examination was performed on the 1st, 4th, 6th and 9th day of the experiment. Results: It has been revealed that in cases of the normal reactivity of the organism the following periods of cellular reactions during the healing of the gums mucous membrane can be differentiated within the appropriate terms: the period of degenerative-inflammatory changes (1st day), active granulocyte-macrophage reaction (4th day), reparations (6th day) and the period of increase of reparative processes with a decrease in the overall cellular response (9th day). Examination of smear-imprints after surgical treatment in animals with spontaneous periodontitis with hyper- and hyporeactivity of the body allowed to identify the same periods of cellular reactions during the healing of the gingival mucosa, as in cases of normoreaction with hyperreation.Tthe intensity and duration of the wound healing phases differed from those which are typical for normoreactivity of the body: granulocyte-macrophage reaction was more pronounced and lasted longer until the 6th day, so later only on the 9th day there were cellular signs of regeneration. With hyporeaction, the intensity and duration of the wound healing phases differed from those which are typical for normoreactivity of the body: granulocyte reaction occurred later (only on the 6th day) and lasted longer, signs of active regeneration appeared later on the 9th day. Therefore, postoperative wound healing in animals with impaired body reactivity was delayed for 3-4 days. Conclusions: Thus, direct medical correction with transforming intensity and duration of the phases of the wound process which are characteristic for impaired reactivity of the body into the phases which are typical for normoreaction is essential. It provides synchronization of necrotic and reparative processes and creates conditions for normal uncomplicated healing of periodontal soft tissues

In the research for the highly efficient, wide spectrum, safe drugs, dental practitioners in recent years have been increasingly paying attention to complex bioregulatory drugs (CBDs). They affect the body in small doses, initiate, activate and regulate defense mechanisms, restore the processes of self-regulation and detoxification, all without suppressing immunity. Aim of the research was to analyze the scientific literature on the effectiveness of the bioregulatory drugs in the treatment of dental diseases. Materials and methods. The bibliosemantic and analytical methods were used in our research. Results. The use of CBDs in the treatment of periodontal diseases was the most researched. In the treatment of chronic generalized periodontitis of mild and moderate severity, along with the conventional methods (removal of dental deposits, curettage of periodontal pockets with subsequent polishing of the root’s surface), the Traumeel S ointment was applied to the vestibular and oral surfaces of the marginal gums of patients with mild degree of disease. Traumeel S in pills had been prescribed for patients with chronic generalized periodontitis of moderate severity, along with ointment applications. The course of treatment was 14 days. Clinical examination of patients during the course of treatment revealed that the drug Traumeel S contributed to the reduction of edema and bleeding in the gums. This was confirmed by a significant decrease in all periodontal and hygienic indices. Laboratory study of mixed saliva of patients found a significant reduction in the content of superoxide dismutase twice over. All this led to the conclusion that the Traumeel S exhibited pronounced anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects. Thus, its use is justified in the supplementary treatment of chronic generalized periodontitis. Practical interest, in our view, lies in a comprehensive approach to the treatment of generalized periodontitis, depending on the age of patients and the severity of the disease. For all participants in the study group, the following CBDs were added to traditional periodontitis treatment: Traumeel S, Lymphomyosot and Echinacea compositum. Traumeel S ointment was issued in the form of applications; Lymphomyosot was administered by 10 drops three times a day for 3 weeks, and Echinacea compositum − intramuscularly. Patients with severe periodontitis were injected with Traumeel S under the mucous membrane of the gum. Effectiveness of the treatment was monitored by clinical and radiological examination. The authors of the method concluded that the use of CBDs relieved inflammatory processes in the short term, suspended dystrophic and destructive processes, and promoted long-term stabilization of the disease (up to 2 years). It should also be noted that the use of CBDs did not cause any side effects. In the treatment of the treatment of various forms of lichen planus (except atypical), drug Mucosa compositum was used via an injection under the lesions. In patients with an atypical form, it was administered as infiltration anesthesia to the transitional folds on the upper or lower jaw, depending on the localization and prevalence of the process. Regardless of lichen planus form, the subjective sensations in patients disappeared after 4-5 injections. In patients with atypical form either the complete disappearance of signs of the disease or its transformation into a typical form with the appearance of papules on an unchanged background were observed. The exudative hyperemic form after 8 injections had transformed into a typical form. In the erosive-ulcerative form, a decrease in the size of erosion was observed after 6-8 injections, and epithelialization, disappearance of hyperemia, transformation into a typical form − after 10-12 injections. During the observation period of 5-8 months, there were no symptoms of exacerbation in the patients. In addition, no adverse effects were reported in any of the patients examined using Mucosa compositum. A noteworthy study was carried out by the dental surgeons to substantiate the use of CBDs in maxillofacial surgery, especially in such difficult conditions as phlegmon of different etiology and localization. Comprehensive treatment of all patients included conventional surgery and traditional drug therapy. Therapy of patients in the main group was supplemented with the introduction of the drug Lymphomyosot intravenously; antibiotic therapy was not used. Therapy of patients in the comparison group was supplemented by intravenous administration of the drug Traumeel S. Antibiotic therapy was not used. Analysis of clinical and laboratory parameters, and of patients’ immunograms reliably showed that the use of these drugs provides a more positive course of the wound process and a more pronounced reduction in total intoxication, which leads to a shorter treatment time compared with the traditional therapy. Based on the analysis of available literature, we concluded that it is advisable to improve approaches to the treatment of major dental diseases by introducing complex bioregulatory drugs. The question of modern application of the CBDs in dentistry remains relevant and requires further study.