The article focuses on the peculiarities of legal relations on using beds and aquatic areas of water bodies, protective shorefronts and water protection zones when creating reclamation grounds as parts of the urban environment. The authors mention that there are no particular sections of land and town-planning legislation required to regulate this process, and the legal status of beds of water bodies is not defined in the legislation. Beds of water bodies belong to water fund lands; therefore, creating reclamation grounds requires a decision on the provision of land plot in a protective shorefront or in water protection zone and a land plot on the bed of a water body. The authors conclude that modern technical means allow determining the site line for creating reclamation grounds. Purposeful human activity aimed at the transformation of environment leads to creation of a territory, which firstly should respond to the attributes of safe environment, and secondly may have attributes of a land plot as a real estate object: in other words, it will be a natural-anthropogenic object. The present paper substantiates the proposals on the need for changes in the legislation governing the procedure for the creation of reclamation grounds.

The paper discusses a modern concept of smart street lighting that for illuminating city streets implies the use of special street lamps controlled via intelligent platforms. These platforms can regulate the intensity of lighting according to environmental conditions. At daybreak or when there is no people around, lamps’ brightness automatically decreases (or the lights entirely go down), which helps save electrical energy. As the result, expenditures from public funds on street lighting are reduced and the impact of electric power stations on the environment decreases. Street lighting is an essential part of the city infrastructure, since it performs several functions at ones. Firstly, it provides a sufficient level of illumination for traffic networks and pedestrian areas at night time, which not only enables reducing the number of traffic collisions and injuries, but also makes life of car drivers more convenient. Moreover, properly designed street lighting including street lamps on avenues, boulevards and in yards reduces the level of urban crime. Street lightning in Russia annually consumes approximately 7 billion kW/h of electric power, which is equivalent to 16 billion rubles. While producing such an amount of electric energy, millions of tons of various exhausts pollute the atmosphere. Smart street lighting systems help reduce the demand in electrical energy for outdoor illumination. The most important indicator of a civilized city is a well-lit roadway for transport – motorways. For transport on roads, various street lighting fixtures are used, but the most popular are energy-saving gas-discharge lamps, which effectively achieve full compliance with the standards and requirements for road lighting.