Diltiazem ointment (2%) and GTN ointment (0.2%) are both effective treatment modalities for chronic anal fissure, with diltiazem giving better patient outcome.

Leiomyoma is a benign smooth muscle tumor which is rarely found in urethra. Only a handful of cases have been reported in the literature. We hereby report a case of urethral leiomyoma in a twenty-seven-year-old female who presented with intermittent hematuria. Mass was completely excised with a rim of normal tissue. Patient remained asymptomatic with no evidence of recurrence in followup.

The PKD transplantation is a viable procedure medically and economically, which can be promoted in centers with a low deceased donor transplantation rate and a high number of incompatible related donors. We achieved excellent graft outcome by using the PKD transplantation program as an option to reduce the donor organ shortage.

Introduction:Shock wave lithotripsy has become first line treatment modality for renal calculi due to its noninvasiveness. However, the destructive forces like dispersion of cavitation bubbles can cause trauma to thin-walled vessels and renal parenchyma during fragmentation of the stones. Antioxidants are our first line of defense against oxidative stress. The aim of this study was to investigate whether oral administration of Vitamin C and E help in a reduction of the serum level of inflammatory mediator by serial measurement of high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) and by this reduction in the risk of renal damage.Patients and Methods:A total of 107 subjects were recruited in three groups. Group A served as a control group, and Group B and Group C received oral medication of Vitamin E 800 mg/day and Vitamin C 1000 mg/day respectively, start from 2 days prior the lithotripsy and continued for total 7 days. The level of hs-CRP was used as a mediator of the inflammatory response following lithotripsy and thus for long term renal injury. Serum level of hs-CRP was measured on 2 days prior the lithotripsy and day 2, 7 and 28 after the lithotripsy.Results:Patients who were given either Vitamin C or Vitamin E showed a significant reduction of serum level of hs-CRP when compared to control the group.Conclusion:Oral administration of Vitamin C and E helps in reduction of serum levels of the inflammatory marker for acute renal injury and thus they can be useful in minimizing the kidney injury following lithotripsy for renal stone disease.