Chromosome counts are reported for 32 taxa (31 species and 1 subspecies) belonging to 10 genera of Commelinaceae from seven African and Asiatic countries. Counts for 13 species and 1 subspecies are recorded for the first time. Published chromosome numbers for Anhicopsis and Polyspatha are confirmed. It is suggested that Pdisota, Pollia and Stanfieldidla each has a single basic number (x = 20, 16 and 11, respectively). The known cytological diversity in Floscopa is extended. The third continental African species of Coleolrype is found to have the same chromosome number (2n = 36) as the other two. The preponderance of the basic number x = 15 in Commelina is supported. The uncommon basic number x= 13 is reported in four taxa of Cyanotis together with karyotypic differences. The basic number x= 6 is found in a second species of Murdannia. Karyotypic data in addition to chromosome numbers are presented for 24 of the 32 taxa investigated. Karyotypes are found to be useful in assessing relationships in the family, and evolutionary trends in the karyotype are noted.

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