One of the proposed advantages of proportional assist ventilation (PAV) has been the automatic synchrony between the end of the patient's inspiratory effort and the ventilator cycle (i.e., expiratory synchrony). However, recent clinical studies have shown a prolonged ventilator inspiratory time or even a "runaway" phenomenon with the normal use of PAV. We hypothesize that control-system delay may account for this, because in reality there is always some degree of delays between control-system's input and output in all ventilators. Computer simulation study to date has not taken into account the potential effect of control-system delay on expiratory synchrony. We therefore created a computer model in which the parameter of control-system delay time was introduced. We found that significant expiratory asynchrony may occur with this more realistic model of PAV. The ventilator flow termination may fall behind the completion of the patient inspiration by as long as 0.33 seconds under the selected simulation conditions. The inspiratory termination delay time is in proportion to the control-system delay time, the respiratory time constant, and the assist gain settings. In conclusion, this model indicates that due to the unavoidable control-system delay in the ventilators, expiratory asynchrony may be an inherent shortcoming associated with PAV.

Blood glucose values measured using a bedside glucometer in this study were influenced by the sample oxygen tension. We used a corrective equation which improved the accuracy of estimating blood glucose values to a clinically acceptable range.