ABSTRAKHutan mangrove merupakan komunitas vegetasi pantai tropis, yang didominasi oleh beberapa jenis pohon mangrove yang mampu tumbuh dan berkembang pada daerah pasang surut pantai berlumpur. Aktivitas penebangan dan pengalihan fungsi hutan mangrove oleh masyarakat sekitar menyebabkan luasan hutan mangrove di Kawasan Delta Mahakam mengalami penurunan. Tujuan penelitian ini yaitu: untuk mengindentifikasi jenis dan fungsi ekosistem dari luasan hutan mangrove; menghitung nilai ekonomi total yang dihasilkan oleh hutan mangrove; mengkaji faktor-faktor yang berpengaruh terhadap manfaat ekonomi yang diperoleh pada kawasan hutan mangrove Delta Mahakam, Kabupaten Kutai Kartanegara. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan terdapat empat tipe hutan mangrove yang dominan pada kawasan tersebut yaitu bakau (Rhizopora spp), api-api (Avicennia spp), pedada (Sonneratia spp) dan nipah (Nypa fructicans), dan mengalami penurunan fungsi (penahan abrasi, lapang pekerjaan, dan tempat tinggal) akibat berkurangnya luasan hutan mangrove. Hasil ini didukung dengan perhitungan nilai ekonomi total pada tahun 2012 sebesar Rp503.071.398.869,2. Faktorfaktor yang memengaruhi manfaat ekonomi hutan mangrove agar tetap lestari pada nilai rekreasi yaitu biaya perjalanan, umur, pekerjaan mahasiswa, dan jumlah tanggungan, sedangkan faktor yang memengaruhi keberadaan hutan mangrove yaitu pekerjaan (swasta dan mahasiswa) dan pendapatan, sementara faktor yang berpengaruh terhadap kelestarian bekantan yaitu pendapatan, asal dalam daerah dan luar daerah.
ABSTRAKLatar belakang penelitian ini adalah rendahnya kinerja karyawan. Hal tersebut ditandai dengan turunnya hasil penilaian kinerja karyawan, serta menurunnya produktivitas sphygmomanometers (tensi darah). Keadaan tersebut harus segera ditangani karena karyawan memiliki peranan sebagai pengelola sistem serta merupakan salah satu faktor penentu keberhasilan perusahaan dalam mencapai tujuannya. Gaya kepemimpinan dan budaya organisasi dijadikan suatu cara untuk meningkatkan kinerja karyawan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui gambaran gaya kepemimpinan, budaya organisasi, kinerja karyawan, pengaruh gaya kepemimpinan dan budaya organisasi terhadap kinerja karyawan, pengaruh gaya kepemimpinan terhadap kinerja karyawan, dan pengaruh budaya organisasi terhadap kinerja karyawan PT Sugih Instrumendo Abadi.Objek yang menjadi unit analisis dalam penelitian ini adalah karyawan PT Sugih Instrumendo Abadi. variabel bebas (X) dalam penelitian ini adalah gaya kepemimpinan dan budaya organisasi, serta variabel terikat (Y) yaitu kinerja karyawan. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah deskriptif, verifikatif, dan metode yang digunakan yaitu eksplanatori survei dengan teknik stratifield random sampling, dengan jumlah sampel sebanyak 74 orang. Teknik analisa data yang digunakan adalah regresi linear berganda dengan alat bantu software komputer SPSS 21.0. Dari hasil penelitian terhadap pengujian hipotesis dapat diketahui bahwa gaya kepemimpinan dan budaya organisasi memiliki pengaruh sebesar 64,5% terhadap kinerja karyawan. Gaya kepemimpinan memiliki pengaruh sebesar 42,5% terhadap kinerja karyawan. Budaya organisasi memiliki pengaruh sebesar 43,3% terhadap kinerja karyawan. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian ini direkomendasikan sebagai dasar untuk dilakukannya penelitian lain mengenai gaya kepemimpinan dan budaya organisasi dengan indikator dan objek yang berbeda.Kata kunci: gaya kepemimpinan, budaya organisasi, kinerja karyawan
Activity of Milkfish Scales Collagen Gel (Chanos chanos) Combination of Bidara Leaf (Ziziphus jujuba)Ethanol Extract on Healing Burns in Rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus
Physical refining of palm oil by deodorization produces palm fatty acid distillate (PFAD) that contains some bioactive compounds such as vitamin E (tocopherol and tocotrienols), phytosterol, and squalene. These bioactive compounds were accumulated in unsaponifiable fraction. This study aimed to use USF as a source of bioactive compounds for lowering cholesterol that tested in vivo by using hypercholesterolaemia rats. The rats were divided into 4 groups that administered by USF of 0, 200, 500, 1000 mg/kg bw/day. As comparison, one group of rats was fed by commercial squalene supplement of 90 mg/kg bw/day. One group of normal rats was used as a control. The results showed that USF of PFAD contained vitamin E 1.96%, phytosterols 0.55%, and squalene 32.30%. Vitamin E of USF comprised of 83% tocotrienols and the remaining is tocopherol. Phytosterols of USF contained 0.42% beta sitosterol and 0.13% campesterol. The result showed that USF doses significantly affected blood serum total cholesterol reduction. Higher dose of USF caused greater reduction of serum blood cholesterol level. The highest decline of blood serum total cholesterol was found at USF dose of 1000 mg/kg bw/day. At dose of 1000 mg/kg bw/day, blood serum cholesterol level reached normal after USF administration for 4 weeks. The blood serum triglyceride level decreased in line with increasing USF doses. The sharp decline of blood serum triglyceride level was found at USF dose of 1000 mg/kg bw/day and at the end of experiment (week 4), the blood serum triglyceride level reached normal. Higher dose of USF resulted on greater decrease of LDL cholesterol level. The highest decline of LDL cholesterol level was found on USF 1000 mg/kg bw/day. Increasing USF dose resulted in increasing blood serum HDL cholesterol level. The higher rise of blood serum HDL cholesterol level was found at USF dose of 1000 mg/kg bw/day. Commercial squalene at dose of 90 mg/kg bw/day was less effective in reducing total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, and troglyceride, as well as in rising HDL cholesterol level than USF 200 mg/kg bw/day (equivalent to squalene 64.60 mg/kg bw/day). This finding proved that multi components of bioactive compounds in USF improved blood lipid profile synergistically.
Mining sector plays important roles for Indonesian economic performance, especially in East Kalimantan. This study investigates: (a) whether economic linkages of the mining sector related with other economic sectors in East Kalimantan, (b) who gets benefit from such mining activities; (c) how is the impact of mining sector for rural and urban households; and (d) what happens if coal mining, oil and gas productions are completely depleted. The quantitative analysis framework using Input-Output and Social Accounting Matrix Tables in period 2009-2010 has been implemented as main data set. The result shows that mining sector was underdeveloped sector in East Kalimantan, including Kutai Kartanegara district. Activities from mining sector tended to give benefit for the owners of capital, which is larger than that benefit for workers employed. Structural Path Analysis (SPA) shows that urban households gain the greatest advantages from the activities of this sector. The result also shows that the total output decreased by 65.12% when the mining, oil and gas dissapeared. A drastic reducing income after mining and oil and gas era will have an impact on the decline in the purchasing power in the region. However, the interesting finding of this research shows that the loss of mining and oil or gas sectors actually increases the strength of employment multiplier by 19%.
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