The article discusses economic development of Slovak agriculture in the period after the accession of Slovakia to the EU and after adopting the CAP. It evaluates agriculture as a whole and its contribution to the national economy, as well as the economic performance of the individual legal forms of business and production sectors. The results achieved by agriculture in 2004–2007 suggest that the income within the sector (except of 2005) has improved also due to the inflow of the EU subsidies. On the other hand, despite the growing aid the production output is shrinking, wages stagnate and the employment is falling. This suggests that the CAP should be changed after 2013, especially as regards the ways of subsidy payments. Economics of the individual products are largely affected by input prices, realisation prices, as well as by the volume of direct subsidies, namely in the plant production – the subsidies for crops grown on arable land, and in animal production – the subsidies per 1 Big Cattle Unit.

The article brings out the findings about economic efficiency of agriculture and its commodity sectors after the accession of Slovakia into the EU. The adoption of the CAP had a positive impact on the growth of the off-market and total income but at the same time, its production efficiency decreased and the production structure has changed. Less efficient sectors of the crop and livestock production declined. Regarding the aspect of financing of the agricultural sector, the European resources, mainly the direct payments, were determined. The total subsidies into agriculture increased in comparison with the pre-accession period. The volume of direct payments including the complementary national direct payments reached the maximum level in 2007, 2008 and 2009.

results of agriculture suggest that a typical feature of this industry is economical differentiation of agricultural enterprises and product sectors. in contrast to the expectations at the time of entering the market environment, a more significant levelling of economic results has not yet taken place. Just as before 1990, natural conditions are still the crucial factor of the differentiated efficiency of agriculture and its product sectors, followed by the legal form of farming, agricultural land concentration; as well as the performance of managers, i.e. the organisation and management of enterprises. The evaluation of enterprises was performed through statistical methods (Pearson´s correlation coefficient) and various relative financial and economical coefficients. Key words: efficiency, investment, economic results (profit/loss), Pearson's correlation coefficientAbstrakt: Výsledky dosiahnuté v poľnohospodárstve ukazujú, že toto odvetvie je charakteristické ekonomickou diferenciá-ciou poľnohospodárskych podnikov a výrobkových odvetví a zatiaľ nedochádza k výraznejšiemu vyrovnávaniu výsledkov, ako sa predpokladalo pri nástupe trhového prostredia. rozhodujúcim faktorom diferencovanej efektívnosti poľnohos-podárstva a jeho výrobkových odvetví tak ako do roku 1990 aj v súčasnosti sú prírodné podmienky, menej právna forma hospodárenia, koncentrácia poľnohospodárskej pôdy a nezanedbateľný vplyv má aj práca manažérov, čiže organizácia a riadenie podnikov. hodnotenie podnikov sa vykonalo pomocou štatistických metód (Pearsonovým korelačným koeficientom) a rôznych pomerových finančno-ekonomických ukazovateľov.

Abstract:In the year before the accession to the European Union, the Slovak agricultural sector reported a loss of SKK 2.4 billion and following a profitable year, the earnings were reduced by SKK 2.8 billion. The situation was caused by a number of reasons, namely reduced sales of agricultural products, damage resulting from adverse weather effects (cold weather, hail, drought and swine fever), as well as widening of the price gap compared to the year before (increasing input prices in agriculture and decreasing purchase prices of agricultural products, especially in livestock production). Legal entities and natural persons experienced mixed business success. While 51% of legal entities made profit, the figure rose to 76% in the group of natural persons. Both the agricultural cooperatives and trading companies performed with a loss. The loss per hectare of agricultural land (a.l.) was substantially lower in the case of business companies. Natural persons -private farmers were profitable over the period. The gap between the profitable and loss-making enterprises has widened. Some 60% of profitable enterprises owned by legal entities made only a small profit below SKK 0.5 million. The loss-making performance was typical for more productive areas of Slovakia. This was related to stronger effects of adverse climate in 2003. Key words: earnings, income, costs, added value, solvency, investmentsAbstrakt: Slovenské po¾nohospodárstvo dosiahlo v poslednom roku pred vstupom do Európskej únie stratu 2,4 mld. Sk a po predchádzajúcom ziskovom roku zhorilo výsledok hospodárenia o 2,8 mld. Sk. Prièinili sa k tomu viaceré vplyvy najmä pokles mnostva predaja po¾nohospodárskych výrobkov, v dôsledku kôd spôsobených nepriaznivým vplyvom poèasia (vyzimovanie, ¾adovec, sucho) a morom oípaných ako aj medziroèné roztvorenie cenových noníc (nárast cien vstupov do po¾nohospodárstva a pokles nákupných cien po¾nohospodárskych výrobkov, predovetkým ivoèínej výroby). Vývoj úspenosti podnikania bol odliný u právnických a fyzických osôb, kým právnických osôb bolo ziskových 51 %, fyzických 76 %. Po¾nohospodárske drustvá aj obchodné spoloènosti dosiahli súhrnne stratu, ktorá bola v prepoète na ha p. p. podstatne niia v obchodných spoloènostiach. Fyzické osoby -samostatne hospodáriaci ro¾níci boli ziskoví. Prehåbi-li sa diferencie medzi ziskovými a stratovými skupinami podnikov. Takmer 60 % ziskových podnikov právnických osôb dosiahlo zisk len do 0,5 mil. Sk. Stratovos postihla viac produkèné oblasti Slovenska, èo súviselo s väèím dopadom ná-sledkov klimaticky nepriaznivého vývoja v roku 2003.

This contribution deals with the differentiation of agricultural enterprises, with focus on the declining enterprises as the most troublesome. In 2000, these businesses generated about 47% of the total loss in agriculture. In this respect, the methodological procedure was also used for the purpose of tipping out the highly unprofitable enterprises. The economic and financial analysis is focused on evaluation of the achieved results expressed in basic economic indicators. The analysis refers to the cause of agricultural enterprises decline. The different dynamics of restructuring process of agricultural production confirm the marked difference of results characteristic for declining enterprises with growing year-on-year loss, increasing costs, decrease of own capital, high indebtness and dependence on the foreign sources.Key words: revenues, expenses, added value, own capital, tangible investment assets, declining enterprises Abstrakt: Príspevok sa zaoberá diferenciáciou po¾nohospodárskych podnikov, kde rozhodujúci akcent je kladený na úpad-kové podniky, ktoré sú najproblémovejie a vytvorili 47% podiel z celkovej straty po¾nohospodárstva v roku 2000. Ekonomicko-finanèná analýza je zameraná na hodnotenie dosiahnutých výsledkov základných ekonomických ukazovate¾ov a poukazuje na príèiny úpadku po¾nohospodárskych podnikov. Výrazná diferenciácia výsledkov, charakteristická pre úpad-kové podniky s medziroène narastajúcou stratovosou, zvyujúcou sa nákladovosou, poklesom vlastného imania, vysokou majetkovou zaaenosou a závislosou na cudzích zdrojoch, potvrdzuje rozdielnu dynamiku procesu retrukturalizácie po¾nohospodárskej výroby.K¾úèové slová: výnosy, náklady, pridaná hodnota, vlastné imanie, hmotný investièný majetok, úpadkové podniky