Substitutable product inventory problem is analyzed using the concepts of stochastic game theory. It is assumed that there are two substitutable products that are sold by different retailers and the demand for each product is random. Game theoretic nature of this problem is the result of substitution between products. Since retailers compete for the substitutable demand, ordering decision of each retailer depends on the ordering decision of the other retailer. Under the discounted payoff criterion, this problem is formulated as a two-person nonzero-sum stochastic game. In the case of linear ordering cost, it is shown that there exists a Nash equilibrium characterized by a pair of stationary base stock strategies for the infinite horizon problem. This is the unique Nash equilibrium within the class of stationary base stock strategies.

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Objective: Studying medicine is hard and it takes longer time compared to other majors. In addition, medical students find medical education boring. It is now necessary to turn medical education into an enjoyable and interesting way. The aim of this study is to evaluate the impact of an educational program related to how to learn taking medical history and how an effective patient-doctor interview should be. The program is structured in various scenarios, on the students learning skills, by the "role playing" method. Materials and Methods:A scenario prepared by the lecturer was employed in this study. While one of the students acted in a doctor role, the other one played in the role of patient's relative. The lecturer always played in the role of patient. After performing the role playing, students' written and oral feedbacks were gathered. Data were analysed by using SPSS 20.0 program. Results:A total of 470 feedbacks (51.3% were given by the female students) were taken from the students. Thirty-three volunteer students, nineteen of them were male, took part in the role playing. In the patient-doctor interview, the field that students were best were greeting the patients and dealing only with patients during the examination. The mean scores were 3.81±0.95 and 3.79±0.94 respectively. The ability to "summarize" and to "address the patient with his/ her name" had the lowest scores; the mean scores of the students in these areas were 2.94±1.11 and 2.70±1.31, respectively. Conclusion:Medical education is a long and tough process. Therefore, it should be interesting, attention getting and cheerful. Role playing can be effective in meeting that need.Keywords: Role-playing, students of medicine, communication ÖzetAmaç: Tıp fakültesi eğitimi zor, diğer fakültelere göre eğitim süresi uzun olup öğrenciler tarafından sıkıcı olarak algılanmaktadır. Tıp eğitimini daha keyifli ve ilginç hale getirme bir zorunluluk olmuştur. Doktor-hasta iletişiminde öğrencilere iyi iletişim kurma becerisi kazandırmak için role playing kullanılabilir.Bu çalışmada amaç öğrencilerin "role playing" yön-temi ile tıbbı hikâye alma ve etkili hasta hekim görüşmesinin nasıl olması gerektiğini öğrenme becerisinde senaryolarla yapılandırılmış bir eğitim uygulamasının etkisinin değerlendirilmesidir. Gereç ve Yöntem:Bu çalışmada öğretim üyesinin hazırladığı senaryolar kullanıldı. Öğrencilerle senaryolar üzerinde çalışıldı. Bir öğrenci doktor rolünü oynarken gerektiğinde bir öğrenci de hasta yakını rolünü oynadı. Dersi anlatan öğretim üyesi de çoğunlukla hasta rolünü oynadı. Rol oynama bittikten sonra da geri bildirimler yazılı ve sözlü olarak alındı. Veriler Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) 20,0 bilgisayar programına girilerek analiz edildi. Bulgular:Toplam 470 defa öğrencilerden geribildirim alındı. Geribildirim veren öğrencilerin %51,3'ünü (n=241) kız öğrenciler oluşturmak-taydı. Rol oynayan öğrencilerin on dokuzu erkekti ve toplam 33 öğrenci rolünü gönüllü olarak oynadı. Öğrencilerin tıbbi öykü alma ve hasta görüşmesinde en iyi ol...

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