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The quality of the oil deteriorates during the intensive operation of agricultural machinery engines in adverse conditions, which leads to wear of the rubbing surfaces of parts, disruption of the engine and an increase in the risk of an emergency operating or emergency situation. The causes of emergencies of engine components, as well as methods for their reduction through the use of an engine oil diagnostic system, are discussed in the article. The degree of contamination of engine oil with insoluble impurities is one of the diagnostic parameters by which the operability of the entire technical system is determined. Modern methods of analysis (laser diffraction, electron X-ray microscopy) have established the main characteristics of impurities in used engine oils and their relationship with the degree of wear of engine elements of agricultural machinery. The use of this type of diagnostics allows you to assess the condition of the most important systems of the car. The diagnosed signs can show the presence of technical problems of the fuel and air systems, the cylinder piston group of the engine, and violations in operation. It is proposed to use the elementary concentration of iron in the selected samples of engine oil as a diagnostic parameter of tribomonitoring, which is an indicator of the degree of wear of parts of the piston group of the engine of agricultural machinery. The dependence of the metal concentration (CFe) in engine oil on the silicon content (CSi) obtained from the results of X-ray spectral microweighting is approximated by an exponential dependence, which increases the accuracy of predicting the engine oil resource and the technical condition of the car. The use of these control methods makes it possible to unambiguously determine the nature of equipment operation and detect the occurrence of defects in a timely manner.

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