Glycogenic hepatopathy is a rare condition that causes significant hepatomegaly and elevated liver enzyme levels in uncontrolled type 1 diabetic patients. It develops due to excessive accumulation of glycogen in the hepatocytes. It is typically reversible with good glycemic control and rarely progresses to mild fibrosis, but not cirrhosis.

Clinostomum complanatum is a digenetic trematode that causes yellow grub disease in some fish species and also shows zoonotic potential by sporadically infecting humans. In this study, progenetic metacercariae of C. complanatum were obtained from the fish Trichogaster fasciatus, and were aseptically placed in conjunctival incisions made in the superior and inferior fornices of the eye of rabbits, which served as the experimental hosts. Worms were harvested without necropsy of the host on days 4 and 8 post infection, to observe in vivo transformation of the progenetic metacercariae into ovigerous adult worms. The worms appeared to cause minimal damage to the host although they were tenaciously attached. In vivo maturation was evident by the development of the vitellaria, enlargement of gonads, the presence of a large number of shelled eggs in a distended uterus and ramifications of the intestinal caeca. Obtaining mature ovigerous worms without sacrificing the host clearly gives the rabbit eye model an advantage over those described previously. Due to the relative advantage of the short time required for maturation and the prolific egg production by C. complanatum, it is suggested that this host-parasite system could be used as an excellent model for classroom teaching of trematode biology and to investigate the cues involved in in vivo transformation and host-parasite interactions.

Background:The aim of this study was to determine the effect of macular laser treatment on the visual acuity (VA) of Omani diabetic patients with clinically significant macular edema (CSME). Visual outcome was also correlated with duration and control of diabetes and presence or absence of hypertension and hyperlipidemia.Materials and Methods:This is a retrospective noncomparative cohort study involving 101 eyes of 72 Omani diabetic patients. Change in VA was determined using Snellen′s VA chart. The mean duration of follow-up was approximately 21 months (range, 16-24 months).Results:29.7% of the patients maintained their vision, 35.6% showed improvement, whereas 34.7% showed a decrease in their vision. Positive visual outcome showed a statistically significant direct relationship with tight control of diabetes and absence of hypertension and an inverse relationship with the duration of diabetes. Presence of hyperlipedemia did not show a statistically significant relationship with positive visual outcome. However, it showed a trend to better visual outcome in the absence of hyperlipedemia. Peak incidence of macular edema was seen at the age of 52.3 years.Conclusion:Macular photocoagulation was found to be an effective method of treatment for CSME among Omani diabetic patients, which has resulted in a positive visual outcome in 65.3% of the patients (stable and improved vision). Effective control of diabetes, duration of diabetes, and hypertension are the factors which influence the postlaser visual outcome.

Symptomatic choroidal metastasis (CM) is a rare presenting feature of disseminated lung malignancy. Detection of the primary malignancy usually precedes ocular findings. We report a rare case of blurred vision secondary to bilateral CM as the sole initial manifestation of disseminated lung malignancy in a female patient. Pulmonary symptoms appeared 2 months later. She received radiotherapy and palliative chemotherapy and survived for 7 months after the initial presentation.