The wood anatomy is described of five Rhamnus species endemic in the Mediterranean region of Turkey, and ecological adaptations are discussed. The wood of all species is drought-adapted with low mesomorphy values (range 11–23), high vessel frequencies (277–457/mm2), spiral thickenings, low vessel diameters (22–35 μm) and short vessel elements (189–240 μm). The vessels are grouped in a dentritic pattern with abundant vasicentric and vascular tracheids.

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