Objective: Medications are generally administered by either the enteric or parenteral route. With parenteral administration, intramuscular (IM) is the preferred approach because it increases the bioavailability of the drug, acts more quickly than the enteric route. The aim of this study was to determine the rate of true dorsogluteal intramuscular drug injection and to determine the causes for application failures in practice by ultrasonography (US). Methods: The study was conducted from May 1 to May 30, 2017 in Giresun University Education and Research Hospital, Giresun, Turkey. We examined 60 patients who were administered dorsogluteal IM injection with a 38.1mm length needle. After the injection, localization of medications (whether intramuscular or subcutaneous adipose tissue [SAT]) was evaluated by Ultrasound. Results: Female/male ratio of the patients was 27/33, with a mean age of 39.78±2.16 years. Obese/normal weight ratio was 20/40. The mean dorsogluteal area SAT thickness of obese and normal weight patients were 32.34±2.17 mm and 20.85±1.20 mm, respectively. In 23 of the patients, IM injected drug was observed in the SAT, while it was observed in the IM area in 37 patients. Medication was observed in IM area in 37 of 50 patients who dorsogluteal region SAT thickness was appropriate (SAT thickness lower than 33.1mm) for IM injection while it was seen in SAT area in 13 patients. Conclusions: SAT thickness values are important if IM drug injection is to be administered correctly. Unsuccessful IM injections may be seen even in patients with appropriate SAT thicknesses. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.35.4.313 How to cite this:Ozen O, Gunaydin M, Tosun A, Coskun ZU, Aytekin K, Takir S. Assessment rate of true dorsogluteal intramuscular drug injection using ultrasonography. Pak J Med Sci. 2019;35(4):---------. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.35.4.313 This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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The orbit has a medial localization in patients with maxillary sinus hypoplasia resulting in a higher complication risk during endoscopic sinus surgery.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate nutritional status in children who underwent hematopoietic stem cell transplant compared with a healthy control group. A secondary aim was to utilize midupper arm circumference as a measure of nutritional status in these groups of children. Materials and Methods: Our study group included 40 children (18 girls, 22 boys) with mean age of 9.2 ± 4.6 years (range, 2-17 y) who underwent hematopoietic stem cell transplant. Our control group consisted of 20 healthy children (9 girls, 11 boys). The children were evaluated at admission to the hospital and followed regularly 3, 6, 9, and 12 months after discharge from the hospital. Results: In the study group, 27 of 40 patients (67.5%) received nutritional support during hematopoietic stem cell transplant, with 15 patients (56%) receiving enteral nutrition, 6 (22%) receiving total parenteral nutrition, and 6 (22%) receiving enteral and total parenteral nutrition. Chronic malnutrition rate in the study group was 47.5% on admission to the hospital, with the control group having a rate of 20%. One year after transplant, the rate decreased to 20% in the study group and 5% in the control group. The mid-upper arm circumference was lower in children in the study group versus the control group at the beginning of the study (P < .05). However, there were no significant differences in mid-upper arm circumference measurements between groups at follow-up examinations (P > .05). During follow-up, all anthropometric measurements increased significantly in both groups. Conclusions:Monitoring nutritional status and initiating appropriate nutritional support improved the success of hematopoietic stem cell transplant and provided a more comfortable process during the transplant period. Furthermore, mid-upper arm circumference is a more sensitive, useful, and safer parameter that can be used to measure nutritional status of children who undergo hematopoietic stem cell transplant.