The current study aimed to determine the prevalence of class A genes in the Extended Spectrum of β-Lactamase producing E. coli and K. pneumoniae isolated from Patients Urine Samples in United Arab Emirates. A total of 3457 urine samples were collected from October 2018 to January 2019. ESBL screening and confirmatory test were done using MicroScan WalkAway automated bacterial identification system. The ESBL class A gene primers were used to detect the blaCTX-M, blaSHV & blaTEM. Out of the collected urine samples, 474 were reported positive for urinary tract infection. A total of 130 samples were identified as Gram negative ESBL producing species, Escherichia coli (n=107) and Klebsiella pneumoniae (n=23). Amid these 130 ESBL producers, the class A ESBL genes blaTEM, blaCTX-M & blaSHV were detected in 78 isolates of which 59 were E. coli and 19 K. pneumoniae. In the identified 59 E. coli isolates, the most predominant gene was blaTEM, followed by blaCTX-M and blaSHV, and these three genes were detected together in 02 E. coli. In 10 E. coli and 11 K. pneumoniae two class A genes were detected in combination of blaCTX-M + blaSHV, blaSHV + blaTEM and blaTEM + blaCTX-M.

Lipid variations have been frequently observed in global populations that can affect health status. Mainly studies have been conducted on the type 2 diabetic population, but limited data is available on newly diagnosed ones to unravel complications and risk predictors independent of disease progression. This study comprising 244 individuals was carried out to assess the lipid abnormalities in newly diagnosed diabetics and non-diabetics. The clinical and socio-demographic data were collected and analyzed using independent samples t-test and linear regression. Serum lipid variations were observed individually and in combination. The individuals in group I (diabetics with dyslipidemia) revealed elevated levels of low-density lipoprotein and serum triglycerides higher than in group II (non-diabetics with dyslipidemia). The frequency of deranged total cholesterol in group I was observed to be higher than in group II. Independent samples t-test showed a significant mean difference in variables between the two groups. Linear regression analysis showed a significant variable outcome for predictors between high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and physical activity (B= −0.043, 95% CI: −0.80, −0.006) and total cholesterol (TC) with family history (B= −0.062, 95% CI: −0.123, −0.001). The findings conclude that lipid levels deranged independently regardless of type 2 diabetes mellitus and present as an early onset in type 2 diabetes instead of later stage complication. These derangements of lipid levels are an independent risk factor for future cardiovascular pathology.

Beta Lactamases is proven to be one of the leading cause of resistance to β-lactam antibiotics among gram-negative bacteria. Many up to date researches have shown increase in the incidence and prevalence of ESBL worldwide. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of ESBL strains of Klebsiella spp. and Escherichia coli species in urinary isolates from the patients admitted in Thumbay hospitals around United Arab Emirates. Furthermore, drug resistant genes (SHV and CTX-M) in the ESBL positive samples were detected. 237 urine samples were collected from November 2017 to January 2018. Based on the lactose utilization, colony morphology, and biochemical utilization of the gram negative bacilli were identified as E. coli (53), Klebsiella pneumoniae (10) and Citrobacter species (2). Antibiotic sensitivity test, double disc diffusion test and combination disc tests all confirmed that the 65 (27.4 %) out of 237 isolates were ESBL producing bacteria. There was high prevalence of bacteria in females than male and the number of E. coli strains is higher than Klebsiella spp. DNA isolation was performed on the 65 samples, out of which 50 samples were selected for PCR based on their concentration. The selected DNA samples were used to detect the presence of bla CTX-M and bla SHV genes. Only 24 DNA samples (48 %) contains blaCTX-M genes, bla SHV or both the genes. 14 samples had bla CTX-M gene, 2 bla SHV genes, and 8 with both bla SHV and bla CTX-M. At the rate at which ESBL is spreading, further research, close observation and cautious use of antibiotics is important.