Background Given the impact of politico-economic sanctions on the pharmaceutical supply chain, this study aims to identify practical strategies to improve the resilience of the Iranian supply chain in pharmaceutical procurement under politico-economic sanctions. Methods This is a qualitative content analysis study conducted in 2018. Semi-structured interviews were conducted using snowball sampling, and saturation was achieved after 18 interviews. Guba and Lincoln's criteria, namely credibility, confirmability, transferability, and dependability, were considered to ensure the validity and transparency of the study. A five-step framework analysis was applied to analyze the data using MAX QDA10. Results The results led to the identification of nine main themes and 26 subthemes as strategies to improve the resilience of the pharmaceutical chain. According to the thematic map, some of these strategies have an extra-sectoral character: ‘insurance organizations’, ‘strengthening relations with other countries’, ‘mechanization of the distribution system’, and ‘suppliers and manufacturers’. At the same time, some inter-sectoral strategies can help the pharmaceutical chain maintain its resilience: ‘healthcare management and policy’, ‘exploiting local potential’, ‘pricing’, and ‘integrated health information systems.’ As a strategy, ‘Medical community and consumers’ also plays a crucial role in this regard. According to the subthemes, revisions of health management, more supervision, privatization, clinical policies, strategic purchasing, improvement of the referral system, inter-sectoral cooperation, support of indigenous medicines, rational pricing, insurance system, improvement of medical coverage, and development of electronic prescription should be considered by health systems. Sufficient support for indigenous medication and supervision of the distribution system should be considered by the pharmaceutical industry, taking into account the cooperation between consumers and patients. Conclusions Integration of the pharmaceutical supply chain and modern technologies, more attention to business complexity, economic development, intense competition, rapid changes in customer needs, and appropriate relationship between manufacturers, distributors, prescribers, and insurance organizations as purchasers should be considered by policymakers to improve supply chain resilience.

Coronaviruses belong to the “Coronaviridae family”, which causes various diseases, from the common cold to SARS and MERS. The coronavirus is naturally prevalent in mammals and birds. So far, six human-transmitted coronaviruses have been discovered. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) was first reported in December 2019 in Wuhan, China. Common symptoms include fever, dry cough, and fatigue, but in acute cases, the disease can lead to severe shortness of breath, hypoxia, and death. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), the three main transmission routes, such as droplet and contact routes, airborne transmission and fecal and oral for COVID-19, have been identified. So far, no definitive curative treatment has been discovered for COVID-19, and the available treatments are only to reduce the complications of the disease. According to the World Health Organization, preventive measures at the public health level such as quarantine of the infected person, identification and monitoring of contacts, disinfection of the environment, and personal protective equipment can significantly prevent the outbreak COVID-19. Currently, based on the urgent needs of the community to control this pandemic, the BNT162b2 (Pfizer), mRNA-1273 (Moderna), CoronaVac (Sinovac), Sputnik V (Gamaleya Research Institute, Acellena Contract Drug Research, and Development), BBIBP-CorV (Sinofarm), and AZD1222 (The University of Oxford; AstraZeneca) vaccines have received emergency vaccination licenses from health organizations in vaccine-producing countries. Vasso Apostolopoulos, Majid Hassanzadeganroudsari

Background: Surgery as a stressful experience can affect the child and quality of care plan. Nurses can use non-pharmacological intervention to reduce anxiety and help children cope with this stress. Objectives: This study was designed to compare the effects of dramatic puppet and therapeutic play on anxiety of children undergoing surgery. Methods: In this randomized clinical trial, 75 children were divided into three groups (dramatic puppet, therapeutic play, and control) using a simple random allocation method. The study was conducted in Iran in 2013-2014. The revised children's manifest anxiety scale (RCMAS) was used to determine the anxiety of children. The data were analyzed using paired t-test, one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), and Tukey test. Results: The findings revealed that the changes of anxiety scores after the intervention were significantly different among the three groups (P < 0.001), so that the anxiety scores decreased in both the intervention groups (puppet and play) and increased in the control group. Conclusions: Therapeutic play and dramatic puppet can be used by nurses as a care strategy and effective preoperative preparation intervention to reduce anxiety in children undergoing surgery.

Introduction:This study seeks to determine the expertise, use, and satisfaction of faculty members of Babol University of Medical Sciences, using the provided online information services by the university.Methods:This study is descriptive and analytical survey and the information gathering was through the questionnaireand the samples, based on the random of Kerjesi and Morgan Table sample size determination that was selected through stratified sampling proportionately to the size of the departments which summed up to 155 of which 113 responded to the mailed questionnaire.Results:The results of the study show that among the various data sources such as books, journals and internet, faculty members have more undemandingand convenient access to the Internet compared to other resources use, however, half of the information needs of faculty members, 57 (50.4 percent) are provided by the printed books;and the databases available to the University and used by faculty members are PubMed with 76.1% and Science direct with 53.1% and Iranmedex with 46.9%.Only 17% of faculty members have the absolute contentment of the Internet information services,and more than half of the respondents (58.4%) expressed the low speed of Internet service as their major reason for their dissatisfaction of the provided services. Practical implications: Use and Satisfaction of Internet-Based Information Services of Faculty Members.Discussion:Using the Internet to provide the needed information with an index of 46%is a significant issue. The results of the study show that among the various data sources such as books, journals and internet, faculty members have more undemandingand convenient access to the Internet and their access to printed books was really hard and limited, although the internet was more convenient to acquire information, most of the information needs of faculty members are provided by the printed books based on what they expressed. The study showed that the use and acquaintance of the sample of the information databases is very lowand only a few of them have the full satisfaction of the provided Internet information services and the main foremost reason for this major dissatisfaction is the low-speed Internet services at the University.