Objective: Female sexual dysfunction is a common distressing problem among women which may result from reducing circulating endogenous estrogen. Humulus lupulus L (Hop) has antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, and estrogenic properties. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the efficacy of Hop on postmenopausal sexual dysfunction. Methods: Study populations consisted of 63 postmenopausal women who were randomly categorized into two groups. In the Hop group (N=33), women received the Vaginal gel containing Hop extract every day for seven days and then continued for two months, twice weekly. In the Estradiol group (N=30), women were treated with vaginal estradiol (0.625 mg) over two 28-day cycles (21 days of therapy and seven days rest). The sexual function was evaluated using the Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI) questionnaire before and after the intervention. Results: No statistically significant differences in FSFI scores (sexual desire, sexual arousal, vaginal lubrication, satisfaction, orgasm, sexual pain, and total FSFI) (P>0.05) were noticed after treatment between Hop and estradiol groups. Conclusion: Vaginal Hop was as effective as estradiol in improving the sexual dysfunction among postmenopausal women with no adverse events.

Background: Meticulous examination of frozen section of cone specimens is required to precisely evaluate the resection margin status and rule out invasion in cases with high-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN). Objectives: The aim of the present study was to determine the role of frozen section examination (FSE) of the cone specimen in the evaluation of the resection margin status and to rule out invasion in patients with high-grade CIN. Patients and Methods:This cross-sectional study was performed on 38 patients with high-grade CIN undergoing conization biopsy at Imam Hossein hospital in Tehran from April 2012 through May 2013. Then, FS examination was performed for all patients and the results obtained were compared with those of permanent paraffin sections. Results: Thirty-three (86.8%) out of 38 patients had the same results in frozen and permanent sections of cone biopsy margin specimens (P = 1). Two out of 33 (6.1%) patients had frozen and permanent positive margins and 31 (93.9%) patients had negative frozen and permanent margins. Among the other 5 patients (13.2%), 2 had positive frozen margins and negative permanent margins and 3 patients had negative frozen margins and positive permanent margins. Diagnostic accuracies in cone margin and lesion grading were 63.1% and 44.7%, respectively. Conclusions: In conclusion, in high-grade CIN, FS examination was a rapid, reliable and cost-effective means of evaluating cervical conization specimens.

Objective. Female sexual dysfunction is a common distressing problem among women, which may result from reducing circulating endogenous estrogen. Humulus lupulus L. (hop) has antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, and estrogenic properties. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the efficacy of hop on postmenopausal sexual dysfunction. Methods. In the current randomized clinical trial, study populations consisted of 63 postmenopausal women who were randomly categorized into two groups. In the hop group (N = 33), women received the vaginal gel containing Hop extract every day for seven days and then continued for two months, twice weekly. In the estradiol group (N = 30), women were treated with vaginal estradiol (0.625 mg) over two 28-day cycles (21 days of therapy and seven days rest). The sexual function was evaluated using the Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI) questionnaire before and after intervention. Results. No statistically significant differences in FSFI scores (sexual desire, sexual arousal, vaginal lubrication, satisfaction, orgasm, sexual pain, and total FSFI) ( P  > 0.05) were noticed after treatment between the hop and estradiol groups. Conclusion. Vaginal hop was as effective as estradiol in improving the sexual dysfunction among postmenopausal women with no adverse events. This trial is registered with IRCT20210405050859N1.