No abstract

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a clinical syndrome caused by metabolic problems. Recently, researchers have recently concentrated their efforts on identifying additional risk variables, like as homocysteine (Hcy), a non-independent vascular risk factor linked to insulin resistance in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Aimed our current study to association between of polymorphism rs1801133 in MTHFR gene and diabetes mellitus type II for Iraqi patients. Samples of blood were collected from Iraqi with T2DM (50 patenits) from auditors to specialized laboratories and consulting clinics in Baquba District / Diyala Governorate, Iraq, as well as 21 healthy participants, and their ages ranged (35-54 years). Genotyping was performed by PCR/SNP (specific primers), risk score for T2DM was determined by Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (HWE). (HWE) was analyzed in T2DM patients and healthy participants, and it was discovered that the MTHFR (rs1801133) genotypes were in agreement with the equilibrium, with no clear differences (p>1.020-0.298) between the observed and expected genotype frequencies. When rs1801133 genotype and allele frequencies were compared in T2DM patients and healthy participants, it was shown that there were no significant differences in these frequencies.

The current study included two aspects, one of which is histological and the other physiological. It included (75) blood samples from women with breast cancer, in addition to (15) blood samples for healthy women as control, in addition to collecting tissue biopsy from the mammary glands of some women whose blood samples were drawn Including them in advance. Those diagnosed with breast cancer and ages ranged between 38-68 years, where the study was conducted from 1 May 2019 to 2 October 2019. Gland tissue and the owner of those tumours swelling of the axillary lymph nodes. Another cancer that was found was papillary carcinoma, where epithelial hyperplasia appeared in the form of large papillae that filled the cavity of the gland. There is a large number of white blood cells and severe hematoma. Another type  of gland cancer discovered is cribriform carcinoma, which is a rare case. Invasive cancer is the most dangerous, as it is observed in the glandular tissue with the presence of agglutination and crowding of tumour cells and tumour cysts. The study also showed haematological changes characterized by a highly significant concentration of Endothelin-1 (P< 0.01) in the blood of women with breast cancer group 5 and group 4, compared to the control group as a usual case. At the same time, there was a significant increase (P < 0.05) in the con- centration of Endothelin-1 in infected women in groups 3, 2 and 6 compared to the control group. The study showed a very significant decrease (P < 0.01) in the cholesterol concentration of women with breast cancer of group 5, and group 6 compared to the control group, while its level decreased significantly (P ≤ 0.05) in-group 4 compared to the control group.