This study aimed to identify the main causal agent of cowpea seed rot and preemergence damping-off in Kerbala province and evaluate some indigenous biocontrol factors in comparison with biological and chemical commercial products in control of the pathogen. The results showed that the main cause of this disease was Rhizoctonia solani where all isolates of this fungus showed a notable pathogenicity. Moreover, all biological agents examined were found to be effective against the pathogen. The maximum inhibition percentages (100 and 89%) were achieved by the commercial products (Beltanol and EM1) while the local biocontrol agents Bacillus cerus and B. subtilis reached 82.66% and 82.22% respectively. However, the third indigenous biocontrol agent Trichoderma harzianum showed inhibition percentage more than 75% and less than 100%. Additionally, all biological control agents demonstrated a high efficiency in protection of cowpea seeds from R. solani infection. This was through decreasing percentage of seeds rot and pre-emergence damping-off in whole treatments compared with control (the pathogen only). The lowest percentage was reached by B. subtilis and Beltanol (0%) followed by B. cerus (5.6%) then T.harzianum (6.7%) and Em1 (21.7%) respectively. However, in control (the pathogen only) was 50%.

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Fig is an important tree that is cultivated worldwide including Iraq. During a survey held in 2018 in orchards of Alhusaynia territory, Karbala Province, Iraq, an epidemic leaf spot disease affecting fig trees was observed. Based on morphological appearances and rDNA-ITS sequence analyses, the fungi caused this disease was recognized as Alternaria alternata. To our knowledge, this is the first record of A. alternata causing leaf spot disease on fig trees in Karbala, Iraq.

Leaf spots were noticed commonly on loquat trees in Alhussiania city, Karbala Province, Iraq. The associated fungus was isolated and identified as Aspergillus fumigatus based on the morphology (cultural and microscopic features) and molecular analysis (sequence of internal transcribed spacer rDNA). The pathogenicity of isolated fungus was confirmed through Koch’s postulates that were implemented by comparing the disease symptoms with those of naturally appeared and re-isolated from the inoculated leaves and re-identified. To best of our knowledge, this is the first record of A. fumigatus as causative agent of leaf spot on loquat (E. japonica) tree in Iraq and worldwide.