Abstract-The purpose of this study is to validate the proposed measurement model of Maqasid Syariah Prison quality of life (MSPQoL) among drug abusers required to serve prison sentences in Malaysia. The Maqaṣid Syariah approach of measuring quality of life postulates that safeguarding people's well-being would be achieved through protecting the people's five life-related elements, namely "Religion", "Life", "Mind", "Lineage" and "Property". The specific objective of the study is to ascertain reliable and valid items manifesting the dimensions of MSPQoL. The study was conducted at the three prisons located in the east coast of Peninsular Malaysia. A total of 248 respondents were involved in the study. Respondents were asked to give their responses to the given statements based on their level of agreement or disagreement using self-administered questionnaires guided by trained enumerators. The measurement model of the latent constructs was validated through Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) procedure in IBM-SPSS_AMOS 21.0. CFA was applied to assess the uni-dimensionality, validity, and reliability of the latent constructs using several statistical measures such as construct validity, convergent validity, discriminant validity, and composite reliability. The findings of the study suggested that MSPQoL was established by five constructs namely, "Religion", "Life", "Mind', "Lineage" and "Property", supporting the proposed hypothesis. "Religion, "Life", "Lineage" and "Property" consisted of three underlying components and were measured by eleven, ten, twelve and nine observable items respectively. "Mind" was measured by two underlying constructs manifested by ten observable items. The findings of the study would provide an alternative reliable and validated measurement of prison quality of life based on the perceptions of the individuals, especially among the drug abuse inmates. Using MSPQoL, the prison healthcare management could identify aspects of quality of life that require improvements and plan appropriate policies and strategies to enhance drug-abuse inmates' quality of life.Keywords-prison quality of life, drug-abuse inmate, Maqasid Syariah, measurement model, Malaysia I.

Only SMEs are successful: Indicates a gap in some effective ways to increase the size of faction while the achieving extraordinary performance and sustainable growth. Purpose – This paper aimed to help fill the gap by identifying factors related to SMEs performances and develop the conceptual framework to explain the relationships. This paper aimed to help fill the gap by identifying factors related to SMEs performances and develop the conceptual framework to explain the relationships. Some literatures showed a positive relationships among the variables; but the relationship is not yet decisive. The field observation and literary assessments suggest a secondary configuration that play a complete role among government supports, training, digital marketing, financial capital and small business performances, and also the risk control. Although the relationships among the six structures of the whole literatures were examined in detail, this article is one of several efforts in the study of six constructs in a comprehensive framework for further research. With empirical support, the proposed framework can provide effective alternatives to help entrepreneurs and small business players to develop their businesses effectively. Methodology/approach – The data was collected by using questionnaires and analyzed the KMO and Barlett’s Test by using SPSS 21 from about 100 respondents as entrepreneurs in small businesses in Medan, Indonesia. Findings – The result showed that all measured variables were >0.50, means that the strong relationships among items need to be investigated. Novelty/value –  As SMEs have the important role in economics for developing country like Indonesia, it is vital to understand how to increase the performance of SMEs.

In this study, an instrument for measuring system quality was examined for analyzing the acceptance of the e-learning system in higher education in Jordan. This study thereby obtained twenty-four system quality items from prior studies and different industries, and these were modified according to the e-learning industry. The items were validated by experts, and a pilot study was then executed with 150 randomly chosen students from three Jordanian public universities as participants for this study. Five dimensions (i.e., adaptability, availability, reliability, response time, and usability) were created using the Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA), and internal reliability was achieved for the five dimensions.

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The tourism industry faces many challenges and competitive environments that impact tourists’ behavior. Understanding these factors is crucial for Pakistan to maintain its standing as one of Asia's most attractive tourist destinations. Following the literature, destination image and perceived value can impact tourist satisfaction. Subsequently, it is urged to examine these constructs, which may significantly affect domestic tourist satisfaction. This study, therefore, investigated tourist satisfaction in relation to destination image and perceived value. Using a random sample, 380 domestic tourists were selected to test the proposed model. The study was conducted between July 2021 and September 2021. Based on the empirical results, tourist satisfaction is strongly influenced by the destination image and perceived value. The proposed model also met the reliability and validity requirements. According to the study, the proposed model demonstrated acceptable goodness of fit and met the reliability requirements. Through the study, a better understanding of behavioral factors was gained that could be used to increase customer retention. As part of the visitor's experience, individual providers should provide amenities and services according to the expectation of tourists. Study findings suggest that destination image and perceived value aspects can enhance a destination's competitive advantage through strategic management of tourism offerings.