No abstract

Illegal motorcycle street racing is a threat to civil society – it is a symbol of adolescents' inner rebellion who channelled their unfulfilled desire through aggressive behaviour on the road, causing significant social and economic impact. Aggressive behaviours have been associated with prohibited substances intake, lack of religious knowledge, problematic family structures, and school failure. In this qualitative study, abductive strategies oriented to phenomenological approaches were employed to assess two types of aggressive behaviour risk factors, which were substance abuse and problematic family structures. In-depth interviews were conducted with thirty people in Penang, Malaysia, who participated in illegal street racing, referred to as Mat Rempits. Their responses were analysed using the NVivo software version 12. The results demonstrate three subthemes to prohibited substances intake: to relieve stress, for personal enjoyment, and for racing purposes, whereby the drugs are taken before races for the riders to be more courageous, aggressive, and agile manoeuvring the motorcycles. Meanwhile, the risk factor of family problems includes divorced and conflicted parents, raised by violence, being neglected, and not being appreciated by the family. Most of the participants stated that growing up with violence caused a psychological impact on their soul, making them stubborn, rude, and aggressive. The results demonstrate the need for a specific intervention programme for the adolescent to reduce their involvement in illegal street racing and aggressive behaviour.

Social media has become an essential platform for teenagers these days. Social media grew in popularity as a means of communication, entertainment, information, and even education, beginning with simple social activities. Today, social media is also a factor in the development of adolescent behaviour. As a result, the purpose of this research is to explore into the language use by teenagers in social media. Over the course of three months, a netnographic approach was employed to study the language use of nine teenagers. All of the participants' postings, whether text, images, or videos, were evaluated. Instagram stories posted, shared, and reposted on the participant's account are also recorded in Nvivo for thematic analysis and coding. The outcomes of the survey highlighted five important themes of the teens' language use and behaviour: entertainment, popularity, morality and ethics, relationships, and new contacts. This study is concluded with some implications and a detailed discussion of adolescent social media language use and behaviour. The outcome of this study is hoped to help to identify problems faced by problematic students, where early prevention or solution can be proposed. Several other recommendations were also proposed at the end of this paper.

(1) Background: Achieving successful tuberculosis (TB) treatment outcomes among diabetic patients is a real challenge as TB complicates control of diabetes. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of an integrated dual management educational module, MID-DOTS, which uses the mmotivational interviewing (MI) technique implemented within directly observed treatment as part of a short course (DOTS) program in TB patients with diabetes (TB/DM). A randomized controlled trial was conducted in the northeastern state of Malaysia. (2) Methods: One hundred and twenty-four TB patients with diabetes received educational intervention using a MID-DOT module that used the MI technique, which was repetitively applied by TB nurses throughout a 6-month DOTS program while another 122 patients were given standard health education. Study outcomes include the proportion of patients with successful TB treatment, and changes in HbA1c and diabetic self-care scores at 6 months. (3) Results: The successful TB treatment outcome was 88% in the intervention group versus 72% in the control group (RR = 1.24; 95%CI 1.16, 1.58). A significant reduction of HbA1c (mean difference 0.82%; 95%CI 0.66, 0.98) and significantly higher diabetes self-care score (mean difference 8.49; 95%CI 7.38, 9.59) were also shown in the intervention group. (4) Conclusions: A dual TB/DM educational strategy which integrates the MI technique applied repetitively within the DOTS program is effective in increasing successful TB treatment as well as improving diabetic outcomes.

Isu gelandangan adalah antara fenomena yang mengundang ketidakselesaan kepada sebahagian masyarakat, terutama di bandaraya yang pesat membangun. Kesan urbanisasi yang mengakibatkan ketidakstabilan ekonomi di kalangan masyarakat bandar dikatakan telah menyumbang kepada peningkatan statistik gelandangan di Malaysia. Golongan ini bergelut dalam memastikan kelangsungan hidup mereka akibat kemiskinan dan keterdesakan yang melanda. Tujuan kajian ini dijalankan adalah untuk membincangkan isu berkaitan golongan gelandangan dari sudut sosial dan undang­ undang, bermula daripada definisi, terminologi, undang-undang berkaitan, serta isu penguatkuasaannya. Kajian ini adalah berdasarkan konseptual yang membincangkan isu-isu setempat berkaitan dengan gelandangan dan masyarakat orang papa. Kajian lepas telah digunakan bagi mengenal pasti kajian yang telah dijalankan berkenaan Akta Orang Papa 1977 dari segi terminologi, bidang kuasa, impak sosial dan pengehadan akta. Struktur operasi yang dijalankan oleh Jabatan Kebajikan Masyarakat (JKM) dalam membantu golongan ini juga telah dibincangkan bersama pengehadan akta yang dikaitkan daripada pandangan sosial masyarakat. Kekaburan yang wujud pada Akta Orang Papa 1977 telah memberi kesan kepada keberkesanan penguatkuasan, pengurusan dan pemulihan gelandangan yang dapat dijalankan. Keadaan ini disebabkan oleh ketiadaan pentakrifan yang jelas terhadap konsep gelandangan menerusi akta ini. Maka dengan itu, ia telah memberi impak sosial penguatkuasaan akta, isu berkaitan Perlembagaan Persekutuan Malaysia dan pengehadan Akta Orang Papa 1977 dari sudut sosial masyarakat. Beberapa cadangan bagi menambah baik keadaan yang melibatkan gelandangan seperti pindaan definisi dan penggunaan bidang kuasa telah dibincangkan bagi memastikan golongan ini dilindungi dan produktif dalam kehidupan.   ABSTRACT The issue of homelessness is a disturbing phenomenon to communities, especially in fast-growing cities. Apparently, homelessness statistics in Malaysia has risen due to urbanisation, which in turn has led to economic instability among urban residents. Homeless or destitute people struggle to survive due to poverty and despair. Therefore, the objective of this study is to analyse issues associated with homelessness from a social and legal perspective, beginning with definitions, terminologies, to relevant legislation and enforcement issues. This study is conceptual-based which mainly discuss local issues related to the homeless and destitute community. Previous studies were used to identify studies that had been carried out concerning the Destitute Persons Act 1977 in terms of terminology and jurisdiction including the social impact and limitations of the act. The operational structure of the Department of Social Welfare in assisting these groups are also discussed along with limitations in the relevant legislation from social standpoints. The ambiguity that exists in the Destitute Persons Act 1977 has impacted on the effectiveness of the enforcement and the management and rehabilitation of homeless people. This situation is caused by the absence ofaclear definition oft he concept oft he homeless through this act. Thus, from the social point of view of the community, it has had a social impact on the enforcement of the Destitute Persons Act 1977, issues related to the Federal Constitution of Malaysia as well as limitations of the act. Several recommendations to ameliorate issues regarding homelessness which include modification in its definition and the use of jurisdiction have been proposed to ensure that these people are protected and productive in their effort to secure their livelihood. Keywords: Homeless, Destitute Persons Act 1977, Department of Social Welfare, destitute persons.