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YZ05-51' (Reg. No. CV-161, PI 673444) sugarcane (a complex hybrid of Saccharum spp.) was developed through cooperative research conducted by the Yunnan Sugarcane Research Institute (YSRI) of Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, and Yunnan Yunzhe Technology Development Co. Ltd. It was released to growers in mainland China on 1 Aug. 2013. YZ05-51 was selected from the cross Yacheng 90-56 × 'ROC 23' planned by YSRI and crossed at Yacheng Sugarcane Breeding Station (YSBS) of the Guangzhou Sugar Industry Research Institute, Yacheng, Hainan Province of mainland China in January 2005. The female parent (Yacheng 90-56) is an advanced clone developed by YSBS. The male parent (ROC23) is a cultivar developed by the Taiwan Sugar Research Institute. YZ05-51 was selected from a ive-stage selection program in YSRI and tested in the eighth China Regional Trial for Sugarcane Varieties at 14 locations in mainland China for 2 yr. YZ05-51 was released by the China Committee of Sugarcane Variety Release because of its higher cane yield compared with ROC16 and ROC22 (two reference cultivars) (7. 1 and 1.1%, respectively), its higher sugar yield compared with ROC16 and ROC22 (10.6 and 2.7%, respectively), and its resistance to drought, high resistance to smut (caused by Ustilago scitaminea H. & P. Sydow), and moderate resistance to mosaic (Sorghum mosaic virus and Sugarcane mosaic virus).

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YZ081609' (Reg. no. CV-187, PI 689800) sugarcane (a complex hybrid of Saccharum spp.) was developed through cooperative research conducted by the Yunnan Sugarcane Research Institute (YSRI) of Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, and Yunnan Yunzhe Technology Development Co., Ltd. YZ081609 was selected from the cross YZ94-343 × 'Yuetang00-236' made by YSRI, and the fuzz was produced at Yacheng Sugarcane Breeding Station of the Guangdong Provincial Bioengineering Institute, Yacheng, Hainan Province of mainland China in December 2007. The female parent, YZ94-343, is an advanced clone developed by YSRI. The male parent, Yuetang00-236, is a cultivar developed by the Guangdong Provincial Bioengineering Institute. YZ081609 was selected from a five-stage selection program in YSRI and tested in the 14th Yunnan Regional Trial for Sugarcane Varieties at six locations in Yunnan Province, China, for three crop cycles (two plant-cane crops and one ratoon crop). YZ081609 was registered in China on 6 Feb. 2018. The cane yield of YZ081609 was 14.4 and 15.3% higher than 'ROC22' and 'ROC16' (two references cultivars), respectively; the sugar yield was 22.3 and 20.1% higher than ROC22 and ROC16, respectively. YZ081609 is moderately susceptible to smut and highly resistant to mosaic (Sorghum mosaic virus and Sugarcane mosaic virus).Abbreviations: DAP, days after planting; RCBD, randomized complete block design; SC, sugar content in cane; SSW, single stalk weight; YRTSV, Yunnan Regional Trial of Sugarcane Varieties; YSRI, Yunnan Sugarcane Research Institute.

Sugarcane (Saccharum spp.) is an important economic crop, supplying up to 80% of the table sugar and~60% of bio-ethanol worldwide. Due to population growth and dwindling fossil-fuel reserves, the demand for sugar and bio-ethanol requires significant improvement in sugarcane production. Breeding sugarcane cultivars with high-performance agronomic traits is undoubtedly the most efficient way to achieve this goal. Therefore, evaluating agronomic traits and dissecting underlying loci are critically important for this aim steps in providing genetic resources and molecular markers for selection. In this study, we assembled a diversity panel of 236 elite sugarcane germplasms originally collected from 12 countries. We evaluated 28 agronomic traits in the diversity panel with three replicates. The diversity panel was genotyped using amplified fragment length polymorphism markers, and a total of 1,359 markers were generated. Through the genome-wide association study, we identified three markers significantly associated with three traits evaluated at a stringent threshold (P < 0.05 after Bonferroni correction). The genotypes of the three associated markers grouped respective trait values into two distinct groups, supporting the reliability of these markers for breeding selection. Our study provides putative molecular markers linked to agronomic traits for breeding robust sugarcane cultivars. Additionally, this study emphasized the importance of sugarcane germplasm introduced from other countries and suggested that the use of these germplasms in breeding programs depends on local industrial needs.