High-quality digital infrastructure is the basis of almost every sector of a modern and innovative economy and society. As a part of the overall competitiveness concept, digital competitiveness is a multidimensional structure that encompasses various factors of the process of digital transformation through the ability of learning and application of new technologies, technology factors that enable digital transformation, and digital readiness factors that assess the preparedness of an economy and citizens to assume digital transformation. The paper aims to propose a methodology for measuring digital competitiveness using a composite index approach including a variety of various indicators. To assess the digital competitiveness of European countries, a multi-criteria analysis was applied in a two-stage procedure integrating CRITIC and TOPSIS as weighting and aggregation methods. The sample includes thirty European countries and the research is based on thirteen indicators provided in the database Eurostat Digital Economy and Society. In addition, a ranking of sample countries according to digital competitiveness is presented. Finally, a cluster analysis was conducted to examine relations between digital competitiveness and several economic performances such as GDP pc, labour productivity and employment rates. The results indicate that Nordic countries have achieved the highest digital competitiveness, while most Eastern European countries still lag behind.

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Measurement and evaluation of the bank’s operations efficiency requires analytical techniques that provide data beyond those available from the standard analysis of financial statements. The Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) is a mathematical programming technique that offers valuable insights in finding inefficient banks taking into account the scope of the services and resources used to provide these banking services. The results of the DEA analysis can provide significant information to the bank’s management that can supplement the information obtained using traditional techniques for assessing efficiency. The assessment of banks’ efficiency in the Republic of Serbia is of particular importance due to intense competition and implemented banking reforms. Therefore, in this paper DEA analysis will be applied for the examination and assessment of the efficiency of the operations of Serbian banks during the period 2014-2016. The analysis will show which of the banks operates efficiently, where the efficiency of the banks is not at a satisfactory level, as well as the potential reasons for inefficiency.

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Semigroups having a decomposition into a band of semigroups have been studied in many papers. In the present paper we give characterizations of various special types of bands of λ-semigroups and semilattices of matrices of λ-semigroups.