the negative effects of applying deicing salts to ecosystems are well documented for many countries. in some countries, the application of the deicing salts to roads in protected areas is prohibited by law. there is little detailed knowledge of the effects of deicing salts on ecosystems in the Bavarian Forest nP. the first preliminary study was conducted in 2011 and the first results are published in this paper. nine permanent study sites were established and significant differences in soil chemical parameters among the different sites were recorded. the highest amounts of na + and cl − ions were recorded at study site #4, which is located only a few meters from the bank of the Grosse ohe river. Much higher concentrations of na + and cl − ions were found at 10 meters from the road than at the road edge and it is assumed that this is due to long-term contamination from water accumulating from melting snow. there were also higher concentrations of salt ions recorded at other sites along the main road. it is important that trajectories of the mobility of ions, including seasonal variability and commutations of salt in ecosystems, should be studied in future.

Alpine plant phenological traits are studied and several hypotheses about their latitudinal variation are tested within a comparative research project, which is being conducted on groups of plant species for which relationships are inferred from available phylogenies. The study sites for this project are located in tropical Ecuador, semitropical Bolivia and the temperate Rocky Mountains in the USA. Several temperate alpine species occur near the Rocky Mountains Field Station in Colorado and large populations of three alpine target species (Caltha leptosepala, Castilleja pulchella, Gentiana algida) were found at the Line Creek Plateau Research Natural Area, in the Beartooth Range in Montana. This location was initially investigated in August 2018 to choose the study site and test a methodology for collecting plant trait data. This study site, the target plant species and the results of a preliminary study, together with recommendations for the full season monitoring, are discussed in this paper.

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The negative effects of applying deicing salts to ecosystems are well documented for many countries. Most chemical transport from roads occurs in stormwater runoff through or over soil. Runoff pollutants alter soil chemistry, may be absorbed by plants and affect stream ecosystems, where they are dispersed and diluted over considerable distances. There was little detailed knowledge of the effects of deicing salts on ecosystems in the Bavarian Forest NP until 2011, when nine permanent sites were established along the main road in the eastern part of the NP. Soil samples were collected from four of these permanent sites in 2012, 2015 and 2018 and analysed by a certified laboratory. The results of soil chemical analysis were used to compare sites and samples from years 2012, 2015 and 2018. Our research confirmed the increasing concentrations of Na + and Cl − ions in ecosystems in the Bavarian Forest NP. The highest concentrations of Na + and Cl − ions were recorded in samples from sites # 4 and 5, which are located only several meters from the bank of the Grosse Ohe River. These concentrations were more than ten times higher than in samples from sites where deicing salt was not used. Amphibians, water insects and other extremely sensitive species and habitats occur in this part of the Bavarian Forest NP and are probably suffering from increasing salinity of their habitats. More research focusing on a better understanding of the spread of deicing salt in the ecosystem together with improving road maintenance technologies are need in order to improve the situation.

Subject didactics in pregraduate teacher education at FPE (the Faculty of Education) in Plzeň (alike in the whole Czech Republic) has not included interaction of general didactics, pedagogics or psychology. The importance of the interaction with the needs of educational practice and the class environment has not been considered in a desirable way and a graduate had an opportunity to carry out teaching practice in schools only during the following degree study programme. This situation was found unsatisfactory and the project represents the chance to improve it. The project of the Pregraduate Education Quality Improvement at FPE in Plzeň brings an important qualitative and quantitative improvement of the subject didactics with emphasis on closed connection with teaching practice. Key words subjects' didactics, general didactics, teaching practice AbstraktOborové didaktiky v pregraduální přípravě učitelů na FPE v Plzni (podobně jako v celé České republice) doposud nebyly koncepčně propojeny s obecnou didaktikou, pedagogikou a psychologií. Rovněž nezbytnost jejich propojení s potřebou školní praxe a prostředím třídy byla zanedbávána a absolvent fakulty se až v navazujícím studiu setkával na praxích se školním prostředím. Tento stav byl shledán jako neuspokojivý a projekt byl vítanou příležitostí, jak ho měnit k lepšímu. V rámci řešení projektu Zvyšování kvality pregraduálního vzdělávání na FPE v Plzni dochází k zásadním kvalitativním, ale i kvantitativním posunům oborových didaktik s důrazem na propojení se školní praxí.Klíčové slova oborové didaktiky, obecná didaktika, školní praxe